Domestic Violence And Womens Mental Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 959 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Literature review Domestic violence occurs worldwide irrespective of culture, geographical and historical period. There are many factors that cause or lead to domestic violence and they are: Unmet role expectations Unmet role expectations on the part of the wife or husband could lead to domestic violence in the family. If women fail to fulfil basic domestic responsibilities such as cooking, cleaning, managing household budgets and taking care of child, it often leads to domestic violence. Child care was a source of argument among many couples and women have to play a crucial role in maintaining domestic peace. Moreover, domestic violence will occur if husband fail to provide for the family at a standard set by wife. If wife demands things that husband could not afford, his response would be violent (Keenan, Hadad Balian, 1998). Therefore, unmet role expectations lead to domestic violence in the family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence And Womens Mental Health" essay for you Create order Conflict with in-laws Conflict with in-laws was another frequent cause of violence particularly in younger families. If couple and children tend to live with husbands parents or other extended families, conflict arises due to husbands strong allegiance to his parents. So, domestic violence occurs when there is conflict with in-laws (Keenan, Hadad Balian, 1998). Substance abuse As stated by Stewart and Robinson (1998) when individual is under substance abuse, the victim will lessen his or her ability to escape or resist and perpetrator may decrease self-consciousness against aggression. Therefore, domestic violence occurs when partners are under the influence of substances. Increased stress in the family Domestic violence occurs when there is high level of stress in the family. For instance ?if husband is of lower socioeconomic status, he is more likely to commit domestic violence and tend to perpetrate more severe violence than men who are at higher socioeconomic status (Holtzworth Munroe, 1996). Individuals childhood history Domestic violence is also associated with individuals childhood history where if males have witness violence against family members and if he had experience sexual abuse in childhood, he is more likely to be violent toward their spouses while females who witness violence in childhood are more likely to become passive when they become adults. In addition, women who had experience both child and adult abuse were more likely to suffer from mental health diseases. In addition, Whitfield, Anda, Dube and Felitti (2003) also states that if women had experience sexual abuse in their childhood they are more likely to experience domestic violence in their adulthood. Therefore, individuals childhood experience or history increased the risk of victimization among women and perpetration by men. Several other studies also states similar reasons where they asserts that men tend to act aggressively towards their partner if they had experience physical and sexual abuse in their childhood (Bagley Mallick, 2000; Lewis, Moy Jackson, 1985). Alcohol abuse Alcohol use has been associated with rates of domestic violence. In one of the research done by Kantor Straus (1987) in United States, they had found out that about 25% of incidents of domestic violence are associated with alcohol use. It has been thought that alcohol increases violent incidents, either by disinhibiting the abuser or by increasing conflict. Moreover, women experience domestic violence when husband was drinking and if women disagree with his words or actions. Therefore, alcohol use can be related to Bhutanese context where alcohol is widely ingrained and accepted in the society. However, rates of domestic violence tend to decrease when the age of couple increases as individual tend to develop more resistance power when age increases (Straus, Gelles Steinmetz, 1980). When there is more resistance power individual can resist domestic violence at any cost or they will simply ignore it. However, not all the men who drink alcohol does not act aggressive toward their partner, rather alcohol lead to opening up where they tend to bring out both positive and negative emotions. Most often it allows them to discuss issues that men would not discuss when he is not drunk (Galvani, 2006). Many felt that alcohol alone was not enough to cause domestic violence and felt that it depends on ?environment factors, personality factors and individuals goals of drinking (Galvani, 2006). Domestic violence and mental health The primary mental health that women or survivor suffer as a result of domestic violence depression. According to Humphreys and Thiara (2003) there is causal connection between womens experiences of domestic violence and her mental health where womens experiences of depression, post-traumatic stress and self-harm are symptoms or effects of living with violence and abuse. Women who had experience domestic violence suffer from depression which puts them higher risk for ?suicide, eating disorders, drug and substance abuse'(Chhikara, Jakhar, Malik, Singla Dhattarwal, 2013). Domestic violence is likely to play a crucial role in undermining womens mental health. In addition, Humphreys and Thiara (2003) states that women who have experience domestic violence or who were abused tend to experience the depression more than women who have not experience domestic violence. Moreover, women who have experience domestic violence are more likely to commit suicide and many states that black women are more likely to experience domestic violence. Women, after experiencing domestic violence consulting or using available health services is not neutral as it confirms verbal abuse and lead to disempowerment and low self-esteem. Moreover, health problems were seen as weakness that might bring shame and dishonour to the family. However, many women tend to recover from their mental health once they leave the violent relationship. To conclude, there is occurrence of domestic violence when there are unmet marital expectations, conflict with in-laws, substance abuse, individuals childhood history, and high level of stress in the family and alcohol abuse in the family. Domestic violence has both short term and long term effect on womens mental health where they commonly suffer from depression, self-harm, low-self-esteem and post-traumatic disorders.

Indifference and Intolerance in America in Nicholas...

An article by Nicholas Kristof titled, â€Å"Americas History of Fear† which mentions how America is not indifferent, but does not know how to deal with newcomers or immigrants. Fear and intolerance has been seen throughout America’s history. An event of this kind would be what recently happened in the Los Angeles L.A.X. airport; it was reported that a man began shooting and killed innocent people. Many people saw this person which includes his race and are now fearful. This even contributes to the reason why it is so relevant today. There has not been much change; therefor, today there are many minorities facing intolerance or indifference socially. Also, the ambivalence that many people show nowadays is similar to what most people did in the past and there are historical facts that document the struggles that have happened to many minorities like injustice. Many people may say history is irrelevant for modern days be cause it’s in the past, but is it really? Some antecedents of what has occurred to minorities are seen in the novel When The Emperor was Divine by Julie Otsuka. She mentions in her novel about what happened to many Japanese Americans how its â€Å"it’s a dark stain that won’t go away† (5). Otsuka points out a dark time in history that will not go away. With that quote, she tries to warn citizens about what occurred in the past. Even though that is history, it is still much relevant today. There are still minorities

Impact of Information Technology on Business

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Information Technology on Business. Answer: Introduction We live in a digital age, where success is highly dependent on the innovations made be it in business or any other aspect of life. This track of thought means a business must do things differently and apply innovative mechanisms to beat the competition. Technology and especially information technology has proven to provide the edge needed to succeed in business by using innovative ways to maximise output with minimising input. Furthermore, IT has drastically changed the lives of individuals who contribute to the different business organisations around the world (Afzal-Butt 2015). In addition to this, Consider innovations such as online shopping, E-commerce, E-banking and even social networking among many others that have changed business today. To this end, this paper will analyse the relationship between IT and business while focusing the analysis on Telstra, a telecommunication company in Australia. Information Technology and Business Telstra is the largest telecommunication and Media Company in Australia serving millions of customers across the region with thousands of employees. So, does this multi-billion corporation need information technology in its day to day activities? Without hesitation, the answer is yes. For one, the primary objective of Telstra is communication and no other technology provides more ability and efficiency to do so than IT. Applying common resources such as networks, communication equipment and internet protocols the company is able to transfer information to different customers. Secondly, Telstra has millions of customers who expect efficient services, this efficiency is only accomplished through innovation and more so automation (Sheahan 2017). Automated processes from call forwarding, customer care and even billing services improve the overall performance of the companys systems. Finally, consider storage and protection of data, data from the customers and the employees themselves. In formation technology offers Telstra with the necessary electronic storage systems to store and protect its valuable data which in the end maintains the companys integrity. I.T. and business survival As seen from the previous sections businesses need technology to survive, technology is no longer a complementary feature by a mandatory, foundation element of a business. Businesses face a broader spectrum of variables than before, for instance, competition amongst businesses is now at an all-time high. Telstra is among many other capable telecommunication companies. Through digital media they are able to reach a wider audience who later turn out to be customers, increasing their survival tactics (Kramer, Jenkins Katz 2007). Moreover, through IT Telstra is able to optimise on available resources, reducing wastage and thus reducing the overall operational costs. In addition to this, they are able to provide better service to the customers, today's phone calls are more streamlined and clear because of the digital medium. This improved service maintains a high clientele base who become better partners for the business. Requirements of I.T. in a business A successful integration between IT and business depends on good strategic decisions. These decisions are then driven by research done prior to planning the implementation mechanisms or even technology features. Furthermore, through appropriate information systems, a company is able to estimate the costs, schedules and equipment needed for IT integration in a business. Telstra on its behalf must have developed countless reports and projects estimations on the technologies they eventually implemented using the objectives they had. For instance, they had to have an estimate of the number of subscribers they intended to have and the equipment that could handle that numbers. Secondly, they had to identify the employees and the training needed by the new recruits. Coincidently, information technology was used to analyse this information and produce conclusive estimations (Pilepic Simunic 2009). Telstra use of Information Technology Most of Telstra internal operations are conducted through the companys intranet which is in itself an internal private internet. Through this platform, employees are able to communicate with one another and manage the companys enormous clientele. Moreover, its through the intranet that the management systems are based i.e. Enterprise management system (ERP) and the customer resource management system (CRM). Through this system, the management is able to monitor the companys activities and meet the needs of the clients. Finally, the human resource management system is also based on an online platform that allows digital advertisement of vacant positions as well as the management of internal staff (CBN 2017). Externally, information technology is first used in the CRM system mentioned above. Through this system customers complaints, recommendations and queries are answered. Moreover, through online platforms i.e. social media and e-mails, customers are updated on companys products and also their payments. In addition to this, customers are served through telecommunication infrastructure set up by internet protocols among other networking standards. Advantages and Benefits of I.T. In the section above we have highlighted some of the applications of IT in business and more particularly in Telstra, however, what are the advantages of these systems or tools used? Beyond efficiency and automation of operations? Below are some of these advantages Revenue generation A company like Telstra exist because of information technology. It is through the digital medium (phones, telecom masts and electromagnetic waves) that they are able to offer communication services. These businesses then charge for the services rendered earning money. Cost effectiveness IT has computerised business operations from customer payments to the delivery of service. This application has helped streamline the work done by businesses thus reducing their overall expenditure costs. Similarly, Telstra is able to save on operation cost and maximise on available resources through IT. Time efficiency Today, businesses stay active 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, this efficiency is simply enabled by automated systems monitored by few individuals set up at convenient company locations. Flexibility Employees through innovations such as BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) are able to carry their work with them. Therefore they are able to work from any location based on their convenience. I.T. Risk Evaluation in Business A key concept in technology that is highly favoured today is automation, organisations like Telstra are increasingly automating their operations to reduce operation costs and also to deliver quick and efficient services. However, automation of services means automating information through the mediums its carried, this carrys some serious risk that can be detrimental to a business. Telstra having stored its customers confidential information may end up losing it or leaking it to a third party it if a malicious person successfully hacks their database systems. Cybercrime as its known is a criminal activity associated with computers and its affiliate devices. These criminal activities are highly prevalent today and any company is susceptible to them (McConnell International 2000). Moreover, cybercrime makes a business vulnerable to risks such as breach of privacy, loss of data integrity and customer security depending on the information and criminal assailant involved. Secondly, consider the conflict brought by technology to existing laws especially those of privacy and security. To secure online data, companies strongly scrutinise the data owned by customers to authenticate their identities. Some of these background checks violate the rights of the customers who out of ignorance validate them which in some cases makes them vulnerable. Moreover, social networking exposes people and businesses to privacy issues as well as security issues, again this based on the information presented online. Monitoring I.T. operations in business Business monitoring is an integral part of any successful business more so when considering the automated systems put in place. IT risks such as cybercrime increase the necessity of monitoring activities in a business. Telstra, for instance, has an entire department dedicated to information technology, its role is to monitor the companys systems to ensure they work as they were originally set and with the utmost efficiency. Moreover, through the same department, risks such as hacking and data loss are avoided. In addition to this, special monitoring and maintenance tools are used to maintain accurate records of all IT related activities. These tools are able to monitor networks, information system (ERP and CRM) and even the database systems. However, these systems are coordinated and monitored by certified administrators with the necessary expertise (Rouse 2017). Conclusion Several factors contribute towards the success of a business, however, none are more important than having the right analysis methods, technology and the overall business vision. Through the vision, a business uses the analysis methods to make decisions that drive an organisation or company. A quick look at Telstra website will notify you of the recent company venture be it a new data package they offering or the business support they offer. These ventures are guided by decisions which are made based on prior business analysis that offer the best outcome. Information technology is now key to this setup since it provides a business with the opportunity to collect and analyse data in order to plan for future ventures. Moreover, it is through information technology that the business is able to reach its customers and present its vision. Consider digital marketing, an online tool that allows a company to promote its products or services to a wide range of viewers, viewers who can amount to the millions. Finally, consider the efficiency and convenience brought by modern day technology, telecommunication and cloud computing now enables globalisation which increases the customer base of the company, increasing its market share. Therefore, information technology is no longer an option but a necessity for the success of a business. References Afzal-Butt. A, 2015, The Role of Information Technology in Business Success, LinkedIn articles, Available from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-information-technology-business-success-abid-afzal-butt [20 January 2017] Canada Business Network (CBN), 2017, Using technology in your daily operations, Available from: https://canadabusiness.ca/managing-your-business/using-technology-in-your-daily-operations/ [20 January 2017] Kramer. J. W, Jenkins. B Katz. R.S, 2007, the Role of the Information and Communications Technology Sector in expanding Economic Opportunity, Economic opportunity series, Available from: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_22_EO%20ICT%20Final.pdf [20 January 2017] Kumar. M. P, 2014, Information Technology: Roles, Advantages and Disadvantages, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Available from: https://www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_4/6_June2014/V4I6-0338.pdf [20 January 2017] McConnell International, 2000, Cyber Crime . . . and Punishment? Archaic Laws Threaten Global Information, Cybercrime, Available from: https://www.witsa.org/papers/McConnell-cybercrime.pdf [20 January 2017] Pilepic. L Simunic. M, 2009, applying information technology to business decision-making in the hotel enterprise, EL klasifikacija / JEL classification, Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwij3dHT5dDRAhVMvxQKHZL8D08QFggZMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F74937usg=AFQjCNHV0cDI6II3T5pUgHEnj_EMRSCiewsig2=ARDV0R5RmSy3ALe84HQFYAbvm=bv.144224172,d.d24 [20 January 2017] Rouse. M, 2017, business process monitoring, Tech target, Available from: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-monitoring [20 January 2017] Sheahan. K, 2017, What Are the Advantages of Information Technology in Business? Small business, Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-information-technology-business-774.html [20 January 2017]

Personal Statement Essays - Music Industry, Music, Sound, Amazon.com

Personal Statement I used to laugh at my teachers in previous years. When I went to public school I would actually laugh at them. I thought it was so funny how they couldn't get our classes attention. It was almost like they showed for work because they had to, just to get paid. You could tell that they didn't want to be there as much as the students didn't want to. Students would miss class or not pay attention in class and it wouldn't matter. I know what that can do to a student first hand. I found myself not going to class or not paying attention because I knew that the teacher really didn't mind. After I came to Lutheran, with a rather large chip on my shoulder, I entered a new world of teaching. I actually find myself talking to my teachers about my personal life. I never new that teachers could actually care about their students. Once I came to realize that there were teachers out there that did make differences in their students' lives, I then decided that teaching was my calling. I now wish to major in secondary teaching and become a teacher myself. I want to learn how to help students now that people do care. Besides the academic knowledge they will get from me, I want to teach them about the principals of life. I want my students to know that they can always come to me with questions or just to talk. Also when I see students heading down the wrong path, because of first-hand knowledge, I can help them first realize what they are doing wrong. From there I can help them correct there mistakes. Personally I like the small school setting. Smaller classes so teacher can really get to know their students. A school like that would be my preference to work in, but public school wouldn't be a big deal. I just want to be in a position were I can impact people's lives in a positive way. Me being a student , I know that we, the students, are listening. It just depends on what the teacher says. I can remember two examples were this took place. I had a little slip up my junior year. Even though I had gotten caught for what I did people wanted to help me. That's not to say that they weren't disappointed. They were disappointed because they believed that I was better than that. Every teacher I had wanted to help me in some way. It was that impact that made me never want to mess up again. The second also came from Lutheran High School and it also involves me. I going through some hard times and I was quite depressed. A teacher, not even one of mine, noticed this and confronted me. We end ed up talking for a while and sorting through most of my problems. These are the types of things that I want to do. I want to have students look up to me not only as their teacher but also as a person that they can come and talk to. I want to help people realize that they can and do make a difference in their environment.

Book Review Faulkner and Material Culture

Book Review Faulkner and Material Culture Faulkner and Material Culture is a book written by Joseph Urgo and Ann Abadie and consists of a series of essays written by different authors. The essays give a deeper meaning between the things that Faulkner borrowed from the real world and merged with the things that he espoused in his way of life.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Book Review: Faulkner and Material Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book starts with an introduction by one of the authors, Joseph Urgo, talking about what he thinks of the annual Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Conference. He continues to highlight the events that Faulkner has been to; for instance, in August 1931, he started working on light in August, which was under the title â€Å"Dark House†. Then in the month of November, he went to New York where he became the talk of the city especially after having written, â€Å"As I lay Dying†, â€Å"Sanctuary† , as well as â€Å"The Sound and the Fury†. Urgo also states the definition of material culture that ranges from objects created all the way to invisible features producing landscape expressions together with distinctive odors. There is also a note about the July 22-29, 2004 conference that got its sponsorship from the University of Mississippi located in Oxford. In the conference, there was an attendance of over 200 authors. These authors entailed those who greatly admired Faulkner. Therefore, from the conference, there was an inclusion of eight presentations added in this volume. The note also has brief details of the events that happened on the entire time the conference was in session. The first essay is by Charles Aiken entitled â€Å"Faulkner and the passing of the old Agrarian culture†. He starts by stating the definition of material culture as given by geographers who define it as all material and physical objects that a culture group makes and uses with the in clusion of buildings, clothing, instruments, tools, artwork, as well as furniture (Urgo and Abadie 3). He nevertheless goes ahead to add that material culture also consists of the invisible features creating landscape expressions. He continues to add that material culture comes out as important since it differentiates culture groups and places.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Charles Aiken looks â€Å"into the representation that Faulkner gives of terrain and summarizes by stating that as opposed to the established criticism regarding Yoknapatawpha, it is not a South’s microcosm† (Urgo and Abadie XIV). However, it is an extremely particular and very strategically located area. Another essay is by Jay Watson who does his work with philosophy, literary theory, social and intellectual history, as well as the history of furniture and woodwork (Urgo and Abadie 21). He does this in order to investigate how light during the month of August has an intimate tie to the areas woodwork and logging industries. Kevin Railey has also written an essay on the topic of consumer goods appearing in â€Å"Flags in the Dust† (Urgo and Abadie 68). Katherine Henninger evaluates â€Å"Faulkner’s photographs fictional representation together with the function of photography that is within his fiction and especially in the Sound and Fury, Absalom, Absalom, and Light in August (Dianne Para. 8). A scholarly review written by Diaane Desare Ross notes that Faulkner’s scholars will be the ones who will greatly appreciate the book; however, it has more implications particularly for the interaction study that exists between artistic expression and societal conditions (Dianne Para. 3). She also recommends it for the entire academic libraries. She praises Faulkner’s writing stating that unlike other writers, who wander off from t he main topic especially when trying to make a point, Faulkner and Material Culture gives information in an exceptional manner and it is a fine scholarly works compilation. Dianne reviews the book by providing a brief summary of what the authors, Urgo and Abadie, write. This book is highly entertaining and informing on an intellectual level as opposed to an emotional level. The book is written in an incredible manner, which gives an insight on Faulkner’s world. Despite not having known him before, after reading the book, the reader can admit that s/he feels like s/he has known him for quite some time for there are bits that give Faulkner’s life history. For example, he had a difficult relationship with both change and material (Urgo Abadie 37). He was also one of the first Americans who were able to fly as well as own an airplane. On the subject of how he earned his income, the book states that he sold his short stories and novels to motion picture studios in addition to television production companies.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Book Review: Faulkner and Material Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of his most profitable sources of income came from writing movie scripts. He however did not like the idea of owning a television, phonograph, or radio and he even went ahead to refuse his daughter to possess any in the house (Urgo Abadie 38). Whenever Faulkner entered one of Oxford’s most popular restaurants, the owner would unplug the jukebox. The book is also well written and arranged according to the different essays such that each has something different to say about Faulkner. The 2004 conference had more that 200 authors who truly admired Faulkner and after reading the book it is easy to note why so many possess great admiration for him. His achievements are what made him to become a Nobel Laureate. Faulkner wrote a topic that was in the interest of his heart, viz. material culture. Urgo and Abadie use a formal writing style and the quality of the writing style is coherent for it is easy to understand what they want to bring out. In addition, the structure of the story also has a flow to it and so the reader is able to read from paragraph to paragraph without getting confused. The main theme of this volume is to put great emphasize on the different societal changes that Faulkner underwent in the early twentieth century as well as the dichotomy of staying in touch with the old while still acknowledging the new guard by giving an illustration of material culture. Just like Dianne, on of the reviewers of the book, I would strongly recommend this book to all those with a keen interest to learn about material culture and to all Faulkner’s fanatics. Faulkner’s admirers would get a feel of the things that he went through and his life history coupled with what made him to become a Nobel Laureate. The fact that two very le arned authors wrote the book makes considerably credible. Joseph Urgo is a Hamilton College dean of faculty while Ann Abadie worked at the University of Mississippi where she was the associate director of the Center in the Southern Culture study. Both authors have worked together to write quite a number of volumes particularly in the series of Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dianne, Ross. Faulkner and Material Culture: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha 2004,  2009. Web. misslib.org/ Urgo, Joseph, and Ann Abadie (eds.). Faulkner and Material Culture: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha, 2004, Jackson: University of Mississippi, 2007. Print.

World politics Essay Example

World politics Essay Example World politics Essay World politics Essay Huntington’s controversial expose on the progress of the world’s powers strongly indicated that finally there were emerging civilizations that could potentially clash. He goes on to explain why power struggles will be the major issue in international relations. Power is the ability to forcibly have one’s way regardless of dissenting voices. This hypothesis has been largely critiqued for generalization in its premises, as paying no attention to traditional clashes and for not appropriately envisaging the events that followed its release. The terrorist attacks of 2001, in World Trade Center and others targeting United States’ interests across the world were clear indications that Huntington’s assertions were not well informed. Therefore it is not considered dominant in introspecting to international coexistence. There has been a long standing sour relation between the world superpower: the United States and North Korea over the latter’s possibility of harboring nuclear weapons or developing some.   Nuclear power is the next frontier that the developed countries are trying, albeit with much struggle, to control. The only impediment to this end is the unending question as to whether international laws can be ratified by non-signatories. The United Nations (UN), as a body charged with the responsibility of harmonizing international relations between nations have been greatly compromised. Political scientists across the board agree that the United Nations has leaned towards the whims of the only superpower. The voting power of the signatories also tends to lean towards who has got both military and economic power (Stiglitz, 2007). Being the most recent Stalinist entity in the world, North Korea was the newest state to get itself into the Uranium enrichment. During the last 20 years or so, North Korea has been undulating from getting invaded and engaging very sincerely with the rest of the world.   The United States has been at the forefront in this affair. This stand-off has always been stimulated by its intricate governance and the perceptible notion that the policy of approaching precarious state of affairs to the beginning of an adversity finally yields some good. Beside the war in Iraq, the US has already envisaged to wage a war against a new enemy:   North Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, North Korea has been at loggerheads with her neighbors and the rest of the world over the thorny issue of its unsupervised nuclear activities. First, it is important to realize the scientific and technological potential that nuclear harnessing could impact the fortunes of a nation. Iraq was invaded over much similar speculations. This issue sparks security unease among the developed countries. There a general myth that those underdeveloped and undeserving countries, North Korea included, have less capacity not only to safely utilize nuclear power but might have intentions of using it to develop warheads that could lead to a holocaust. As far as ways of governance cannot be uniform, democratic ideology is so far the best and prolific (Wiseman, 2004). It sets out the guiding principles in running government and it must come from the will of the people. The m ajor setback is that it cannot be taken up by other nation or states because of the historical, cultural and religious backgrounds. The current international predicament revolves around North Korea’s alleged role in sinking South Korea’s ship. The incident has so far attracted intercontinental attention with the United States offering its military muscle to police the international waters. The whole dilemma started on March this year when a South Korean submarine sank after exploding. 46 crewmen aboard the ship died. Two months later, Seoul offered forensic substantiation incriminating a Pyongyang’s missile on the ship that was the sailing in the vicinity of a disputed sea boundary. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Mossad strongly believed that the attack incidence was authorized by the North Korean president in a bid to enable his son take over from him. The United Nation, issued a statement reproving the incident but stopped short of implicating North Korea because China, the latter’s collaborator and a growing force in world politics, opposed the move. The Washington government has so far enforced economic sanction on North Korea. This move has been seen by North Korea and her allies as a sort of provocation. Politically speaking, the United States role in the whole saga is a strong reminder that it exists as the only superpower. President Obama’s foreign policy was very clear at the beginning: that it could offer a listening ear and hand to those who have divergent views and firm handling to those who seek to make the world insecure. With this promise in mind, the presence of the United States’ military alongside those of South Korea, coupled with the United Nations’ Nuclear Disarmament Program resolution, implies that North Korea must be policed and coerced to drop its nuclear ambitions. The clash of civilizations as said by Huntington comes into perspective when we consider the amount of international concern that the incident has ignited. Perhaps the end of the World War II, is a fresh reminder of how the world could be so pitiless. But alliances change and shift over time such that Japan is now closely allied to the United States on the issues of the day. Both countries now are up in arms over North Korea. But who seem to be the aggressor? Is the United States overusing its might to threaten others or is it doing what is required of it to foster peace and security in the world? To answer this, we should recall that in this globalized world, there has not been a consensus as to whether the political ideologies of the West are ideal for all the countries. Huntington’s argument delineates an outlook that the grand points of disagreements between man and the overarching foundation of divergences between nations would solely be based on ways of life. He further goes ahead to categorize the customs of world. He was quick to point out that Africa had the probability to be civilized (Spielvogel, 2008). Given the varying levels of development across the world, cultural differences, economic and military power, democracy ingrained with capitalism cannot be applied by all countries (Kaikini, 2006).   The natural resources is also a major consideration so is the technological expertise. Take for instance; Tanzania in East Africa has vast amounts of Uranium but lack capacity to harness it leave alone to mine the precious element. Therefore, it is true that the ability to exploit the possibilities that comes with Uranium actually depends on the strength of a nation. Huntington’s supposes that such civilizations were categorically characterized in religion coupled with some extemporized exclusions. The Cold War also shaped the way international community can punish nations which may act in contravention of treaties and common positions. The measures are wide ranging, from slapping economic sanctions to trade boycotts, arms embargo to invasion of the offending nation. Huntington goes on to explains that the last part of philosophical conflicts among the ways of governance, namely noninterventionist egalitarianism and Marxism would lead to clashes over the frames of progress on small scales. On the other hand he foresees, on large scale, a confrontation among the progressivisms in the pursuit for having power over global unions, attaining monetary superiority and martial supremacy. Similarly, it can be noted that such conflicts are common since all the clashes that have so far been witnessed have been fueled by the same motives. The alternative view suggests the contrary: that the row among the nation –states has always been determined by geological and opinionated aspect instead of diversity in backgrounds of the feuding nations. There are various talks by the key players over the Korean issues which is attracting various concerns. The United States and China have been holding talks with the main area of concern are the disagreements between the two Korean countries. This has been the major part of disagreement which is arising between China and United States of America. There were talks which were held by the two countries centered on the economic and strategic dialogue between China and United States of America.   These talks were held in late May where the main emphasis was on the tensions which are arising in the Korean peninsula. The tension has been caused by the interference by the two countries as they are the main ones with great influence. The two superpowers have been in the fore front in determining the solutions which have not been achieved as at date. These solutions have been of bad intention and have not good faith in the way they are handled. The countries have subjected the countries in je opardy as they cannot handle and solve their own issues on their own. The conflict in the Korean peninsula has been fueled by the external super powers mainly the China and the United States of America. This has been the cause of the problems which are being witnessed in the Korean peninsula. In the pursuit of the civilization in the world, many countries have been a source of destruction to the general developments and progress in the region and the entire world. This is because the various productions of machines and other equipments have been harmful to the countries themselves and other countries. There has been the nuclear manufacture in the various countries especially the North Korea which it recently launched the nuclear bomb. This has led to rise in sanctions from various countries that have been cooperating with them. There has also been many trade sanctions and travel ban of the goods, services and people to and from the country. This also has increased the tensions which are experienced in the Korean peninsula. The issue which has led to the disagreement is the system of governments which should be in place for the unification of the Korean peninsula. These issues have been of great importance and also have been at the center of disagreement. These issues have elicited fresh pursuit of the new peninsula reunification. The system of the government in the Korean peninsula is influenced by the external country which wants their system to be emulated. There are other countries which also want a hybrid kind of government system which cannot be easily attained without the consent of the Koreans. This has resulted in disagreements between the pressing countries and the fellow Koreans who do not see any use of the intended system despite the form of the civilization. There has been close relationship between the South Korean government and the United States of America and the Chinese government. This has been of great influence to the mode operation in the South which has led to increase in the conflict from the North. There were attacks of the South Korean warship by the North Koreans due to the misunderstandings on the form of the international system of government necessary for the Korean reunification. This attack has given rise to new talks on the nature and the means of handling the North Korean decisions as it is viewed as an issue of provocation. This has been the most disagreed topic in all the talks which has been held. This is in relation to the North Korea and the Korean peninsula. These have led to the increase in the threats by the North Korea to eliminate any kind of association with the South Korean. There is also the intention of bilateral non-aggression pact being avoided by the North due to the manner in which the South is associating itself with the US and the type of the international systems which should be in place. These have led to accusations from either part to denounce responsibility of the problem. The north has increasingly refused the issue that it’s never sunk the ship yet the South is of this view. This has led to the increase in the tension and the UN is urged to intervene on the matter so as to sort it out amicably. There have been claims that the South is making false accusations so as to be seen as a war provocation with the North. The country is in great danger to participating in engaging in war with the South. The Korean peninsula has been of great concern to many other countries that have great influence and interest. The countries like the US have shown favoritism on the issue and it is siding with the South. This means that the attacks are immine nt and the US is at the forefront. On the other hand, China has shown also intentions of lack of consensus-arriving solutions as regards to the North. China has not shown any intention of solving the problems in a manner which is fair and result oriented. There are claims that they are more civilized than the Koreans especially the north, hence the sanctions are escalated by them. China has moved away from the neutral position it has been holding for so many years with regards to the manner in which the Korean peninsula is being handled. When the sinking ship was experienced, the china government opted to stay away from the neutral position. There is need for the china to offer the necessary security in the region over the issue so as to attain the best solution. The civilization matters have led to the decisions made to be biased and inappropriate as they injure the rights of the others (Moreton, 2009). The reasons given for these conflicts and injustices are not justified and are therefore being done in the name of civilization. The international policies which are applied are very unique and increase the chances of the occurrence of unnecessary actions. For example the US gave a go ahead to the sale of the arms to Taiwan. There has also been the issue of the human rights injustices which has been indicated by the US-China relationship especially in regards to the imprisonment. There is also the issue of trade tensions which has been witnessed in the recent past which is not welcomed by many states. In conclusion, China and North Korea also has been stepping up its military machinery in a move to be ready for any eventuality in terms of any aggression. There has been clear indication by the Chinese government that the developments are not meant to be use on any war with any country but just to satisfy their technological know-how. This has been done in pursuit of civilization by all other countries yet it doesn’t concur with the international systems. Therefore we should really draw to closing choice between idealism and realism if we are to seek the fundamental causes of international conflicts (Baylis and Smith, 2001).

Oxycodone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oxycodone - Research Paper Example OxyContin is a brand for single-ingredient oxycodone with time-release mechanism. OxyContin was approved by U.S. Food and Administration in 1995 and became available in the market in 1996. Oxycodone belongs to the Schedule II class or controlled substance which means it has high abuse potential. It causes physical and psychological dependence that people often misuse the drug. Oxycodone is a potent pain killer similar to heroin. It elevates dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that causes pleasurable experiences or euphoria. It also creates artificial endorphins, a chemical that binds receptors in the brain that gives one a â€Å"feel good† effect. It causes elation because the body cannot properly absorb the drug. Some illicit users abuse this drug to experience this euphoric high. Oxycodone is misused in different ways: snorting the powder by crushing the pill, chewing it, and injecting the solution by crushing and dissolving the tablets in water. These methods defeat t he time-release mechanism in OxyContin that causes the active ingredient to take full effect after ingestion. This dramatically increases the risk for overdose. Like other opiates, oxycodone has side-effects that can impair both mental and physical abilities. Common side-effects include nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, seizures, constipation, blanking of emotions, and mental clouding. Acute overdose also can produce irregular breathing or respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, skeletal muscle flaccidity, low blood pressure and heart rate, coma, and death due to cardiac arrest or slowed breathing. For the last 20 years, oxycodone has been the most abused prescription drug. Oxycodone is highly addictive because use over a long period of time (from several weeks to months) leads to tolerance and the need for higher doses to reach desired effects. Because of its affects similar to morphine and heroin, oxycodone appeals to morphine and heroin users. Some even call it hillbilly he roin. When users stop taking oxycodone, they can experience withdrawal symptoms. These include anxiety, insomnia, nausea, fever, and flu-like symptoms. Like other narcotics, oxycodone is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). It is an expensive drug when acquired illegally on the black market. Prices may range from $25-50 for a 50 mg. tablet. However, with more generic brands becoming available, it may cost $5-10 per pill. To prevent abuse or excessive use and decrease toxicity, new formulations are being developed. Currently undergoing clinical trials is a new drug called Remoxy. Drug users will go through great lengths to get the drugs. People would sometimes steal the drugs if they didn’t have the money to buy them. There was an incident in South Berwick, Maine, where someone got arrested for robbing three pharmacies for OxyContin. Sometimes, people would get illegal prescriptions of OxyContin. Doctors can also be part of this crime. In Winnepeg, a physici an’s license was revoked for recklessly prescribing OxyContin and Percocet. To satisfy his own addiction, he used his patients to acquire large quantities of narcotics. One woman in Florida was arrested for 23 counts of doctor shopping. She obtained 69 prescriptions from six different doctors who

Computer Games as an Emerging Form of Art Essay

Computer Games as an Emerging Form of Art - Essay Example Over the past 25 years, the journey begins from two-paddles and a ball pong game to the complexity of final fantasy, and the sophistication and realism of counter strike versions. The requirement of vivid graphics, better sound, greater memory, and rapid processing has increased the consumer demand of home pc accessories and equipments. The release of new and 3D games every other day has signaled that the game designers are still having enough resources to emerge their creations as a popular art. Computer games are no more taken as a waste of time and energy. It is an emerging form of art, which still requires to be recognized, but still an art. Likewise, the computer games are discussed by the college and university students, as it is used to be for the cinema. These days, a growing number of students are having the ambition to become a game designer, rather than a filmmaker. This shows the increasing recognition of computer games these days as a profession and art. In this 21st century, our aesthetic sensibility is being shaped by this important new popular art and these games are seriously taken in today's world. The proof of its recognition is the admission of web artists and game designers, which were invited in the prestigious biannual show at New York's Whitney Museum regarding the digital art in the modern world. However, this point has not gone through the eyes of critics and one can imagine their responses to the idea that art can be something humorous, unpretentious, and playful as computer games. Therefore, they say that computer is only a tool, and maybe a new form of cultural pollution, where our kids are taught the different ways to kill their counterparts, etc. In contrary, a new lively art is represented by the computer games. It is not computer, but the art is shaped by the human creativity. A realm of experimentation without a physical risk and innovation is experienced and transformed from the computer screen aesthetically, which is accessible to everybody and anytime. That is one of the significant reasons that these games have been embraced by most of the public. However, the same path of cinema may not be taken by these games. Own artistic principles will be developed by the game designers, in order to fulfill the public's desires for interactivity and storytelling. Somehow, games provide a platform to the people, where they can have the freedom to express their emotions fairly, and can experience emotionally. Nevertheless, games do matter. Because, our children's imaginations are spark by them, by taking them to different difficult quests and making them feel the various emotions of strange worlds and stages. Games do matter, because the real world play spaces is more accessible to our kids, which used to make parents nervous and worried about their children. Nowadays, cognitive and emotional development of children and students is encouraged and supported by these computer games. The students are given the opportunities and chances to prove themselves as the best and allow them to solve the problems by their own, or with the help of their teammates. Leadership, teamwork, competition, and collaboration opportunities are formed with the help of multi-player games. The virtual

Dominos Pizza Essay Example for Free

Dominos Pizza Essay Dominos Pizza UK ILR plc Parent company listed on the AIM. Dominos Pizza Group Ltd Runs Dominos Pizza in the UK and Ireland, holds the exclusive franchise license to own, operate and franchise the Dominos brand. Dominos Corporate Team Based at Milton Keynes, comprising over 200 employees. The Leadership Team Responsible for strategic decision-making. Marketing Understanding customers needs and publicising the Dominos brand. Developing new products and use of technology. Food Service Manufacturing fresh pizza dough and sourcing fresh ingredients. Buying in or inventing equipment. Information Technology Technology and e-commerce activities. Property Acquires store premises, oversees planning permission applications and refurbishes stores. Flawless Execution Not a form of capital punishment! Actually, Dominos training and operations, including career development and store check activities. Finance Organises finance for franchisees, as well as overseeing cashflow, budget planning, sales and purchase ledgers, payroll, accounts and credit services What is its mission statement? Exceptional People On A Mission To Be The Best Pizza Delivery Company In The World. This is part of Dominos Vision and Guiding Principles including these statements: * We Demand Integrity * Our People Come First. * We Take Great Care Of Our Customers. * We Make Perfect 10 Pizzas Every Day. * We Operate With Smart Hustle and Positive Energy Source: Dominos Pizza Web site What is their field of operation? Dominos Pizza The UK pizza delivery and takeaway market. This market was estimated to be worth nearly ? 450 million in 2000. What are their main products? Pizzas and other home delivery fast foods. Our Unique Products Reasons why we guarantee you’ll love our Hot Wow Pizzas! 1. Our Crusts Our world famous Classic Hand Tossedâ„ ¢ and New York crusts are hand stretched from fresh dough 2. Our Sauces Domino’s Signature Sauce – Made from fresh vine-ripened tomatoes Top Secret Sauce – An aromatic blend of creamy, cheesy flavors with an unmistakable garlic zest! Spicy Sambal Sauce – For those who like a bit of spice in their life! 3. Our Cheese we use generous amounts of 100% mozzarella cheese 4. Our Toppings We top all our pizzas with only the highest quality meats and the freshest ingredients 5. Finally, all our pizzas are made fresh as soon as you place your order What are their main brands? The Domino name carries the companys main brand as market leader in its field of operation. The companys logo is a distinctive part of the business brand. The three dots domino image comes from the founders idea that originally he would open three stores. Dominos HeatWave delivery bags, introduced into the UK in 2000, contain a patented disc that is pre-heated electrically. The companys use of this innovation is used as a marketing tool in its cable and satellite TV advertising. Where is their head office? The companys UK headquarters are at:Lasborough Road,Kingston,Milton Keynes. MK10 0AB. UK. When did the company start? The business was founded in the USA in 1960 by Tom Monaghan, who ran the business until retiring in 1998, when he sold the company for $1billion. By using the concept of franchising where other people are encouraged to invest money to open their own pizza store, Dominos quickly expanded to the point where it is the worlds largest pizza delivery company and the eighth largest fast food brand. In 2002 there was a total of more than 7000 stores in 64 markets worldwide, employing over 250 000 staff and involving more than 2000 franchises. Dominos started trading in the UK in 1985 with a store in Luton. In 2002 there were over 200 stores in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Who are its shareholders? Dominos Pizza UK IRL plc is quoted on the Alternative Investment Market of the London Stock Exchange (symbol: DOM). Who are their major competitors? The UK pizza delivery and takeaway market consists of many small businesses and the big three firms: Perfect Pizza, with over 200 outlets, Pizza Hut which has 170 restaurants and also delivers and Dominos. In Britain, pizzas are delivered by restaurants and a large range of outlets that also sell other food, like burgers and kebabs. It is estimated that there are as many as 4,000 pizza delivery companies. A look at a key feature of Dominos business. The Future Foundation Report (2003) was commissioned by Dominos Pizza to analyse the social, economic, demographic and technological factors likely to impact on the UK pizza delivery and takeaway market for the remainder of this decade. The following are some of the key points raised by the report: Lack of time the research shows that, on average, adults in the UK eat out and/or eat delivered/take-away meals around 80 times a year. The Foundation looks at the impact of freeing up time normally spent on preparing food at home, as creating a time oasis. Higher levels of disposable income real disposable household income is expected to increase by nearly 12% over the next five years resulting in more opportunity for expenditure on home delivered food. Demographic change over a twenty to thirty year period, the numbers of older people will continue to increase. The research suggests that firms in the home delivery market can benefit from this by building and keeping brand loyalty amongst a generation of people who have grown up as pizza consumers and whose incomes and affluence are likely to grow. In addition, there is expected to be a decline in the traditional family structure, which coupled with increasingly individualised tastes, will result in fewer formal family meals at home. Leisure activities the next decade will see more choice of a greater range of leisure activities. The research suggests that spending on home-delivered food and take-aways will continue increasing by 2. 5% a year on average during the next five years. Technology In the short term, (the five years from the date of the report), more people will have access to interactive technologies, up from. 70% today to 90%, and the number of broadband users will rise. These people will become better at and more confident about e-commerce and buying food online. The report indicates that home food delivery firms already active in this area are likely to be especially successful. What is the companys vision for growth? The company has a 20% share of the UK pizza delivery and takeaway market. This market was estimated to be worth nearly ? 450 million in 2000. At present, 20 percent of all pizzas consumed are delivered. This figure is expected to increase to 40 percent. Home delivery now makes up 70% of the total take-away and home delivered food sector, up from 62% in 1997. The Future Foundations report (see The Business section of this case study) estimates that the UKs home delivery pizza market will more than double by 2010 to approximately ? 800 million. Dominos believe that their business model and brand strength place them well to exploit this growth. Fast growth in franchised stores is planned, coupled with more aggressive marketing including terrestrial TV advertising and local store initiatives What is their policy on ensuring best quality product? Dominos HeatWave delivery bags contain a patented disc that is pre-heated electrically. This innovation, combined with the bags 3M Thinsulate lining and water-repellent nylon exterior, keeps the pizza hot during delivery. Pizza packaging plays an important part in ensuring the quality of the product on which the success of the business is based. Retaining heat and dispersing steam are the chief features of Dominos pizza packaging. Dominos training and operations, including career development and store check activities, through its Flawless Executions department, is another important element of the companys quality management. Packaging and the environment is clearly also a concern of Dominos. They state that more than 80% of the corrugated board used in their pizza boxes is made from recycled paper. The remainder is sourced from sustainable forests. The company encourages its customers to recycle their box packaging. The packaging for a pizza plays an important part in the marketing of the business: it carries the companys distinctive logo, and it also carries the product on which the success of the business is based. Protecting the product, retaining heat and dispersing steam are the chief functional features of Dominos pizza packaging. What sort of people work for the firm? Think about the type of person who wants to become a Dominos franchisee. What qualities do you think potential franchisees should have? What are the risks and what are the potential benefits? Do they have an equal opportunities policy? Yes. Dominos Pizza state that they are committed to the development of positive policies to promote equality of opportunity in employment. They aim to ensure that no job applicant or employee receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of sex, marital status, race, colour, creed, ethnic origin, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, age or disability. By how much has their workforce grown over recent years? In both 2001 and 2002 Dominos opened more than 225 new stores. Running each store takes a team of about 25 people. Team member numbers should therefore have risen significantly over this period. How are their employees motivated? Employees (or team members, as Dominos term them) are motivated and trained to offer high standards of customer service. Franchisees and their staff teams have access to training programmes and can attend corporate events in the UK and abroad. An awards system operates and some Dominos team members go on to buy their own franchise. It costs a fee of around ? 160 000 for the right to open your own Dominos Pizza store. This sum buys a fully-fitted store and enables the franchisee to use the company brand image, ingredients, recipes, marketing materials and packaging. The company does offer a finance service for franchisees. Can I have some information about product development? The company has developed or invented many of the systems and pieces of equipment that are now used as standard by the industry. Examples of these include: * Dominos HeatWave delivery bags, introduced into the UK in 2000, contain a patented disc that is pre-heated electrically. This innovation, combined with the bags 3M Thinsulate lining and water-repellent nylon exterior, keeps the pizza hot during delivery. * Nationwide service system through Internet and interactive TV ordering. What is their brand positioning? Dominos calculate that their brand awareness is 81% and that this is partly as a result of their sponsorship of The Simpsons, and also their marketing of the launch of their HeatWave heated delivery system. Can you give me some information about a recent marketing campaign? Dominos nationwide service system through Internet and interactive TV ordering is beginning to show results, with its e-commerce net sales increasing by over 25% in the six months to July 2002, totalling ? 1. 9 million. The company believe that their continued sponsorship of The Simpsons on the Sky TV service and increased advertising on cable and satellite channels gives them an unchallenged position at the forefront of delivered food by e-commerce. DOMINOS MALAYSIA ABOUT US Domino’s Malaysia – Milestones’s and Achievements. 1997: Tom Monaghan, the founder of Dominos Pizza Inc, officially launched Dominos Pizza Malaysia in September 1997. 1998: The Crunchy Thin Crustâ„ ¢ pizza was introduced storewide. Dominos Malaysias commissary was recognized in the Annual Dominos International Audit as the Best Commissary in Asia Pacific. Dominos Malaysia embarks on its first community programme, the Dominos Points for Pizza Programme in support of education. Dominos partners in this 6-month programme were Hewlett Packard and Insoft. Dominos Malaysia holds the first Fastest Pizza Maker Competition. 1999: Launch of Dominos delivery number 1300-888-333 In December, Dominos expanded its operations to the state of Johor with the opening of 3 stores concurrently. Dominos Malaysia embarks on another 6-month charity campaign and aids two charitable homes, Rumah Ozanam and Montfort Boys Town through the Dominos Community Support Programme by raising a total of RM20,000 for both homes. Keeping true to their commitment to work and road safety, Dominos Malaysia organized the first Dominos Safety Rodeo to instill sound driving habits and knowledge in their delivery. riders. Tan Sri Dato Lee Lam Thye, Chairman of NIOSH officiated the event. The Dominos Millennium Gold Card launched in November. The card offers a Buy 1 Free 1 privilege. 2000: Launch of our first pasta-based side item, Spaghetti Chicken Bolognese Launch of our first dessert side item, Dominos Premium Ice Cream, available in Chocolate and Vanilla flavors. 2 Uniquely Malaysian pizza flavors, Spicy Sambal and Flaming Tuna were introduced featuring a sambal sauce in place of tomato pizza sauce. 2001: In July Dominos opens Gurney Plaza in The Pearl of the Orient, Penang. A second dessert was added to the local menu with the introduction of CinnaStix a tasty dessert treat of cinnamon bread sticks. The latest oven-hot sensation Chicken Lasagna is introduced. 2002: Banana Kaya Dessert, a delectable offering of kaya, banana slices and icing sugar on a pizza crust, is introduced. A product uniquely Malaysian. 2003: Dominos launches Malaysias first fastfood on line ordering portal (recognized by the Malaysian Book of Records). 2004: Double Decker Crust is launched a base of 2 Crunchy Thin Crust â„ ¢ with a layer of creamy cheddar cheese sauce sandwiched inbetween. 2005: Dominos partners with Dato George Ting resulting in rapid store expansion. Dominos arrives in Seremban with the opening of its Yam Tuan store. 2006: Dominos opens its second store in Penang, Taman Inderawasih Prai. Syed Zubair Abdul Hamid, a Dominos pizza employee sets a new record for Fastest Pizza Maker, making 3 Large pizzas in 69 seconds. (Recognized by the Malaysian Book of Records). 2007: Dominos celebrates its 10 Year Anniversary. 2008: Dominos Express Card was launched in January, replacing the Millenium Goldcard, this card offers a Buy 1 Pizza Free 1 pizza privilege. The New York crust was introduced to the Malaysian market. This featured the very first extra-large 15-inch pizza by an international franchise pizza brand in Malaysia. 2009: Domino’s launched its Incredible Meals from RM10 per person. The Terminate Your Hunger campaign brought Domino’s the Terminator franchise together, a first of its kind collaboration for Domino’s. RM40,000 was raised for Hope Worldwide Malaysia’s Food for the Poor program through out charity screening of Terminator Salvation movie. Our Unique Products Reasons why we guarantee you’ll love our Hot Wow Pizzas! 1. Our Crusts Our world famous Classic Hand Tossedâ„ ¢ and New York crusts are hand stretched from fresh dough 2. Our Sauces Domino’s Signature Sauce – Made from fresh vine-ripened tomatoes Top Secret Sauce – An aromatic blend of creamy, cheesy flavors with an unmistakable garlic zest! Spicy Sambal Sauce – For those who like a bit of spice in their life! 3. Our Cheese we use generous amounts of 100% mozzarella cheese 4. Our Toppings We top all our pizzas with only the highest quality meats and the freshest ingredients 5. Finally, all our pizzas are made fresh as soon as you place your order Our Guarantees As the Pizza Delivery Expertsâ„ ¢ what do we offer? Everytime you order Domino’s, we guarantee you can expect hot, fresh great tasting pizzas on time. | | 30-Minutes Delivery Guarantee! | | Domino’s is the only pizza company that guarantees your order will arrive within 30 minutes or we’ll give you a free Regular Pizza voucher! | | Product Satisfaction Guarantee| | Domino’s guarantees satisfaction! Your pizza is guaranteed to be hot, fresh, and great tasting when it arrives at your doorstep, otherwise we’ll replace your order or refund your money. | | 15-Minute Take-Away Guarantee| | Dominos guarantees youll receive your Take-Away orders within 15 minutes or well give you a RM10 off your next pizza purchase voucher| Nett Pricing Domino’s pricing is all inclusive. We do not add any extra charges for delivery. So what you see is what you pay. No surprises.

Comparison of Characters in Aphra Behn’s The Fair Jilt and Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa :: Compare Contrast Richardson Behn Essays

Comparison of Characters in Aphra Behn’s The Fair Jilt and Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa Superficially the characters Clarissa Harlowe and Miranda seem, not only to be extremely different, but complete opposites. Clarissa is an exemplary model of virtue and goodness. Samuel Richardson presents her as a chaste and innocent daughter. She is forced from her duty by a conniving brother into the arms of a manipulative man. She is the victim. Miranda is the villain of The Fair Jilt. Aphra Behn portrays her as a woman who knows what she wants and will do anything to get it, including murder. Miranda has no regard for family and is driven only by her desire for quality. On first reading, it seems that Miranda is manipulative and Clarissa is being manipulated. However, if one looks closely at these two characters, it becomes clear that they have a great deal in common. Both women are strong, intelligent and independent. Lack of parental control influences both of them, as do the inheritances they both receive from deceased family members. The characters of Clarissa Harlowe and Mi randa, although strikingly different, are also revealingly similar. Miranda and Clarissa both lack parents. Miranda’s parents pass away, leaving her an orphan and completely alone in the world, except for her sister. Her lack of a guardian gives her a large amount of personal control. Miranda must decide what to do with her life. â€Å"†¦the fair Miranda, whose parents being dead†¦ put herself into this enclosed religious house† (Behn 32). The phrase â€Å"put herself† is very important to both the story and the character. Miranda now has power over herself and this is both new and dangerous. Her freedom from parental control also has a heavy influence on her courtships and eventual marriage. If her father were still alive, Miranda would not have chosen her own husband. Her match with Prince Tarquin probably would not have come to pass. Although Prince Tarquin has a great name and â€Å"quality,† he does not have a lot of money. Miranda’s obsession with Henrick also would never occur because she wou ld never have entered the convent. Likewise, Clarissa suffers much from the absence of her parents. Her father is weakened by the gout. In his absence, James Harlowe Junior takes control of the family. Throughout the novel, Clarissa is asking her father to take control and tell her what to do.

Summary of Autobiography of a Yogi

India, an ancient civilization is well known to be the cradle of a rich and perpetual heritage. The pristine land has always throbbed with the vibrancy of the originality, creativity and self motivated activities of its illumined souls. Their deep, original and sublime thoughts have presented to the world, distinctive gifts of knowledge, be it be in language, values, religion, philosophy, art, business, mathematics, astrology, medicine, surgery much more and beyond; a unique universal heritage, and an eternal formulae to a calm way of life.The masters have successfully sought to give answers to all the queries that are bound to pop up in the mind of every human being at some point of time in their life on earth. They have unraveled the ultimate mysteries that surround life, death and afterlife. The peerless Vedas, the Vedanta i. e. the Upanishads and the Puranas are a treasure trove of great learning and unveiled deep secrets. They have provided Godly guidance to human life at every moment in time and space ever since they were first recorded, centuries ago.These texts contain the essential summaries that form the doctrinal basis of Hindu religion. In the league of such a legacy, modern India continues to produce spiritual masters as was done so in every era. Their role on earth is to guide the not so enlightened souls who often loose their way in the mayhems of the day to day worldly activities. The spiritual vitality offered by their worshipful presence and golden words; the ever true messages expounded by illumined ‘Bhaagwat Gita', has eternally held the power to rejuvenate India century after century.One such celebrated and illumined soul is Paramahansa Yoganandji. His life-story is referred to as a modern spiritual classic. It is an inspiring chronicle of the life of a true yogi, a glimpse into the training years in the hermitage of his God realized guru, and his startling description of ‘cosmic consciousness' reached on the upper levels of yog ic practice. His teachings are interpreted and are now creatively applied to endeavors such as education, psychology, management, and business. Our conscious and subconscious being is crowned by superconsciousness,† Rabbi Israel H. Lavinthal pointed out in a lecture in New York. â€Å"Many years ago the English psychologist F. W. H Myers, suggested that ‘hidden in the deep of our beings is a rubbish heap as well as the treasure house. ‘ In contrast to the psychology that centers all its researches on the subconscious in the man's nature, the new psychology of the superconscious focuses its attention upon the treasure house – the region that alone can explain the great, unselfish, heroic deeds of men. It has been experienced that knowledge, skill or even any relationship that is not supported by the undercurrents of spirituality has found to ultimately go defunct, obsolete and sometimes lost. The active expression of intelligence by great men finds its basis on the foundations of genuine virtues. Softskill training programs entrusted to maintain the morale and vigor of employees in the complexities of work environment find much success when they are enriched with sublime religious and philosophical concepts.One can not expect lasting transformation in a person until and unless the concept has touched the chord of his soul and awakened his spirit. Work and workplace become blissful, and interrelationships become softened with accommodative patience, forbearance and wisdom when people acknowledge their inherent animal instincts of vanity, greed and jealousy as the ‘suicide bombs' that are the mother of stress and an eventual self destruction. The life story is also exemplary because of the comparative notes it has drawn from the divine Hindu texts and the holy Bible.The master has expounded the deathless essence of Christian Bible with beautiful clarity and the truth in Christ's assertion â€Å"Heaven and Earth shall pass away, bu t my words shall not pass away†-Matthew 24:35 (Bible) His Pearls of Wisdom and its easy application in ordinary human life †¢ Impartiality: The execution of the trait of impartiality i. e. the ability to perceive all men in striking similarity is rooted into wisdom. A self realized person does not subject to the likes and dislikes that confuse the judgment of unenlightened men. â€Å"Conserve your powers. Be like the capacious ocean, absorbing quietly all the tributaries of the senses. Daily renewed sense yearning sap the inner peace; they are like openings in the reservoirs that permit vital waters to be wasted in the desert of materialism. The forceful and activating impulse of the wrong desire is the greatest enemy to the happiness of man. Roam in the world as the lion of self-control; don't let the frogs of weak senses kick around you! † †¢ Man has the natural privilege of roaming secretly in his thoughts.Manage your thoughts judiciously; destroy the wrong thoughts as soon as possible. A thought is a force, as electricity and gravitation. †¢ Thoughts should be weighed in a delicate balance of discrimination before permitting them outward garb of speech. †¢ Indulge in Auto-suggestion and self dialogue for self correction from time to time. Be your best friend. As Lord Buddha remarked ‘Atm deepam bhawam' i. e. be your own light. †¢ Believe that and tell yourself what you need to accomplish and it shall be done.Your accomplishments often follow your subconscious expectations. The human mind is capable of accomplishing what ever it feels intensely. †¢ The world does not change for anyone. Leverage your accommodative capacity in accordance with the requirements of the world. †¢ Our behaviors are our introduction to the society. Good manners without sincerity are like beautiful dead lady. Straightforwardness without civility is like a surgeon's knife, effective but unpleasant.Candor with courtesy is helpful a nd admirable. †¢ The lives of all men are dark with many shames. Human conduct is ever unreliable until man is anchored in the divine. The only sure shot to ‘rosy' future is when we make spiritual efforts now. †¢ Keen intelligence is two edged. It can be used constructively and destructively, like a knife, either to cut the boil of ignorance or to decapitate oneself. Intelligence is rightly guided only after mind has acknowledged the inescapably of spiritual laws.The works of the yogi has helped the world understand that distinctions by race or nations are meaningless in the realm of truth, where the only qualification is the fitness to receive. Every saint who has penetrated to the core of Reality has testified that a divine universal plan exists and that it is beautiful and full of joy. The human entity composed of the tangible physical body and the invisible spirit secretly desires not only the nourishment of the body with healthy food but it also seeks nourishmen t of the spirit with soulful meditations and cosmic encounters.The purpose of each life is to meet God in his lifetime. The latter requires conscious effort on the part of the individual. Each of us is sent to earth to undertake a separate journey which is unique, and not a copy of another, even if it is a prophet or a saint, though to seek motivation from their lives is a much welcome step in the journey of stretching over cosmogonic abysses even while the body performs its daily duties. Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/4946654

Payment of Gratuity Act

Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 Outline †¢ Applicability of the Act (Sec 1) & Definitions (Sec 2) – employee, superannuation, continuous service (Sec 2(A)), Wages Payment of gratuity (Sec 4) o Continuous service of not less than 5 yrs o Calculation of gratuity in case of seasonal employees, in case of employee employed after disablement, on ‘retrenchment’, for service beyond the age of superannuation, on resignation o Calculation of â€Å"15 days† wages in respect of mthly rated employee, piece-rated employee, daily wager for 26 days in a month o Entitlement to gratuity with better terms o Withholding & forfeiture of gratuity Power to exempt (Sec 5) – payment of gratuity vis-a-vis curtailment of benefits by management Determination of the amt. of gratuity (Sec 7) o Duty of an employer to determine gratuity amt. o Mode of payment of gratuity & pd. f limitation to Controlling authority o Rate of interest Recovery of gratuity (Sec 8) o Delay in payme nt of gratuity – effect o Default in payment of gratuity or wages on part of employer Act to override other enactments (Sec 14) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1 Wages Sec 2(s) – B+DA + incentive wages * + Food Allowance (In case it is paid to Hotel Employees). Nomenclature of ‘honorarium’ to the remuneration for the services rendered by a person where employed for work. Not a part of wages under the Act, 1972 (bonus, commission, HRA, OT, & any other allowance like ‘teller’s allowance’ not even if it is vide bipartite settlements) * Bonus & incentive bonus paid separately – Bonus would include incentive wages (Not even in case of a piece rated employees) Continuous Service Read Sec 2(A) – in case of interruption of service due to illegal strike, the burden of proof lies upon the person who claims benefit under all circumstance. Where orders of Controlling / Appellate Authority put the onus on employee – HC held the normal rule by asking both the parties to lead evidence on the said issue. Other Issues Employee – if estopped from claiming gratuity after having once received a sum See if acceptance of gratuity estoppel against the statute [Sec 14] – Parry’s (Cal) Employees Union v. Union of India, 1980 Lab IC (Cal HC) Claim of gratuity for service beyond the age of superannuation, if also maintainable? Age of superannuation of an employee is not relevant for the purpose of payment of gratuity on his retirement / resignation. Cannot be refused gratuity in terms of Sec 4(1)(b) for the period of service rendered beyond the age of superannuation. Cannot be contended that gratuity is payable for the service rendered by him upto the age of his superannuation u/Sec 2(r). Break in service to be seen Calculation of â€Å"15 days’ wages† for mthly rated employee Daily wages – to be calculated for actual no. of working days which is 26 and not 30. Not to be calculated just by taking ? of his wages for a mth of 30 days. Not by fixing his daily wages dividing his mthly wages by 30 â€Å"15 days’ wages† – Cal & Guj HC & SC: 15 days’ wages should be taken as wages earned in 15 days and not wages earned during a pd. of 15 days including the days on which the employee is not entitled to payment of wages 2 Calculation of â€Å"15 days’ wages† for piece rated employee Avg. of total wages recd. by an empl for a pd. of 3 mths immediately preceding the termination of employment. Computed by dividing such total wages by the actual no. of days of work & not no. of days / no. of working days in the said pd. of 3 mths. (Wages payable for a day) x 15 Calculation of gratuity during pendency of disciplinary proceedings, & on dismissal for slowing down the work Gratuity cannot be withheld even if disciplinary proceeding is pending against an employee. Gratuity of an employee dismissed for willful slowing down of work cannot be withheld since there is no such bar in the Act. No deduction whatsoever, except as stipulated by Sec 4(6) pertaining to forfeiture on account of dismissal of an employee because of certain misconduct can be made from the payment of gratuity as payable to an employee. Kar HC Held: Non-payment of gratuity to an employee on his retirement on account of some lapses during his service is not tenable as his service has not been termination for any lapses. Retrenchment compensation whether can be set off against gratuity Statutory liability u/Act, 1972 is not in lieu of any other entitlement, but stands on its own. Entitlement under two diff. laws would depend upon the satisfaction of the essential requisites for claiming the sum due under the relevant provisions of these two enactments 3

Nintendo Strategy Case #20 Essays

Nintendo Strategy Case #20 Essays Nintendo Strategy Case #20 Essay Nintendo Strategy Case #20 Essay Nintendo’s Disruptive Strategy Case #20 Nintendo started out originally as a playing card company which then focused on electronic toys and video games. When Sony came to the United States Nintendo switched its focus to non-gamers in order to compete; the Wii was their ultimate success. Video games were initially targeted to teenagers however with the growth the target market became young adults in their 20s and 30s. In addition, video games evolved into blue-ray/HD home entertainment consoles able to hold data files and offer online libraries. Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo tend to competitively battle every 5 to 6 years; Sony with the PS, Nintendo with the Wii, and Microsoft with Xbox. When Nintendo came out with the Wii they focused on non-gamers which were almost a completely different target market. The Wii’s easy-to-use controller increased popularity particularly among female gamers and with the dance mats and physical fitness games families were able to enjoy it together. Nintendos’ revenues nearly tripled from 2006 to 2008. Nintendo was able to turn its low cost hardware into a competitive advantage because they focused on characters instead of special effects. The Wii was half the cost of Xbox and PS games. Wii also included five simple games at no additional cost which was an additional key marketing strategy. In the United States, the Wii sold 600,000 units in the first eight days making $190 million in sales. Nintendo also outsources almost all production of the Wii. Their strategy was to have more than one supplier for the same part so they could get the parts cheaper which in turn further increased production. Then the Wii balance board came along, encouraging health and entertainment focusing on the non-gamers including 40 different activities from yoga to push ups. I learned that like Nintendo you have to meet the technological demands of customers in the future, which Microsoft and Sony failed to do.

Inventions and Discoveries

Inventions and Discoveries Introduction Invention can be defined as a final result of imagination which could have originated from a mere conception or from experimental researches. Discovery on the other hand is initial or primary acquisition of a given idea or information by an individual.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inventions and Discoveries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As invention gives credit to the person who performed the act as the actual source of the conception, discovery is a credit to any other person who comes across an idea for the first time with respect to himself or herself. Invention is therefore a special primary discovery. This paper seeks to discuss some of the significant discoveries that were made as a result of the inventions of the telescope and the microscope. The paper will look into the history of the discoveries and their effects in the development of the human well beings as well as the enhancem ent of the human understanding of the surrounding nature in terms of changing the traditions and the society. Discoveries due to Invention of the Microscope The invention of microscope occurred in the sixteenth century. Believed to have been invented in Netherlands, the technology of the microscope was developed over time by the improvement on the lenses and other features of the microscope. Some of the significant discoveries made through the use of microscopes include the discovery of yeast fungus by Louis Pasteur and the discovery of cells that led to the cell theory (Microscopy, n.d). The Discovery of Yeast Fungus The discovery of yeast fungus is attributed to Louis Pasteur who was a French national. Born in the year 1822, Louis was schooled to advanced levels of education even though most of his teachers didn’t think of him as worth the higher levels of education. Louis Pasteur was the first personality to lay down the foundation of fermentation. He illustrated in his di scovery the process by which yeast aids the process in which alcohol can be obtained from sugar. In his discovery, Louis disapproved the initial perception that the process of brewing alcohol from sugar was a purely a chemical process rather than a biological process.Advertising Looking for research paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the discovery, he demonstrated that yeast is living organisms that can undertake a process of anaerobic respiration that yields fermentation (Science, 2011). The discovery made by Louis that established yeast as the driving engine behind the brewing of alcohol changed the traditional perception that the brewing process was chemical. It had been previously assumed and believed that the process of brewing alcohol was primarily a chemical reaction. The assumption of the chemical process in the conversion of sugar into alcohol subsequently covered a lot of risks that alcoho l exposed people to as a result of its bacterial components. In the discovery, it was realized that the fermentation process was infested by a number of disease causing micro organisms that included bacteria, fungi and a number of yeast species. As a result of the presence of disease causing organism in the fermentation process, steps were taken by another scientist to eliminate these organisms from yeast. The success of this elimination strategy allowed for a brewing process that was free from the micro organisms apart from the yeast. There were further studies and successes in the refining of the fermentation process which was fueled by Louis’ discovery of the yeast as the basis of fermentation. The move saw the development of the brewing industry and the elimination of disease causing organisms as components of alcohol. By so doing, the discovery by Louis improved the welfare of people by setting a stage upon which their health was taken care of. The elimination of the bac teria and the other organisms from yeast and further developments of the brewing process had the positive effects of eliminating the diseases and medical complications that were caused by these micro organisms. The discovery of the yeast further led to development of the knowledge of the biological sector of micro organisms and the subject of anaerobic respiration (Khachatourians and Arora, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Inventions and Discoveries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Discovery of Cells and the Cell Theory The discovery of cells was made by an English man called Robert Hook. Hook, after designing and upon using a microscope, made an observation in 1665 of substances whose composition he expressed as numerous little boxes. He named the little boxes as cells derived from the Latin meaning of â€Å"little room†. The discovery made by Hook broke the traditional belief that had exi sted among people that human body is one whole and uniform substance. Hook on the contrary brought people to the realization that a human body is made up of small tiny substances called cells. It has further been established that cells are the primary building elements of organisms (Crown, 2003). The discovery of cells, after a number of studies led to the establishment of the cell theory. The concept of the cell theory explained that â€Å"organisms are composed of similar units of organization called cells† (Meisler, 2006, p. 1). Having its history from as early as 1838, the theory described the cell as distinct element with its own features and as a component of a bigger structure which is the organism. The cell theory established the facts that living organisms are composed of these elementary cells, that the cells in the organisms are both structural elements and functional components of the organisms; cells are genetic with features that are transmitted during cell divi sion and that the cells have similar composition. The establishment of the cell theory, however, originates from the discovery of cells by Hook which was facilitated by the invention of the microscope. The discovery of cells refuted the earlier perception that the body organs were a uniform mass of substance. The discovery on the contrary illustrated that the structural organs of organisms are composed of small cells that together forms the organs or body parts. The discovery subsequently led the advancement of knowledge through further discoveries and studies about cells and the organs that they form. The extension of the discovery and the study of the cells to the discovery and study of the nucleus by Brown and the further exploration of the components of cell, types of cells such as the reproductive cells and the DNA cells have been explorations in the subject of biology. The study of the human anatomy which also originated from the discovery of cells has led to discoveries and i mprovement of human health through discovery of medicines that help in preserving human health. The cell discovery though a small ancient innovation, has developed to be the core of human health (Meisler, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discoveries due to the Invention Telescope The invention of the telescope is, according Fowler (n.d.), officially attributed Galileo. The invention was formerly made by a man called Roger Bacon who failed to obtain a patent for his invention on the grounds that his innovation was too simple and could be easily reproduced. Galileo then later in his experiments discovered an improvement on the knowledge that pre existed. In his innovation, Galileo realized that the magnifying power highly depended on the ratio of the strengths of two lenses used in the system, the concave and the convex lenses. After his discovery and modifications, Galileo was granted tenure over the developments (Fowler, n.d.). The Dark Energy The invention of telescope opened the universe for study by astrologists. With a clearer and better view of the universe by aid of the telescope, many discoveries have since been made about the features of the universe and the changes that are taking place. One of the stunning discoveries made was the observation of the dark energy. Dark energy is a feature of the space. According to NASA (n.d.), the dark energy is exerting an effective force that is greatly accelerating the expansion of the universe. The discovery of the dark energy and the expansion of the universe posed a challenge to the previous theory of gravitational force. Under the theory of force of gravity, there would be no expansion of the universe as the force exerts an attraction towards the center. This discovery of the dark matter has further triggered the study into the universe by casting doubts on the centrifugal theory (NASA, n.d.). Walker (2010) expressed the fear that the extensiveness and totality of the dark energy in the universe which has a negative implication on the strength of the gravitational force yields a reason for worry. He recounted that scientists consider the dark energy to be a threat to the universe, though they estimate that the universe still has billions of yea rs of existence. The discovery is greatly developing the understanding of the state of the universe as more effort is being made to understand the effects of the dark energy. The dark energy is still more of a mystery but could turn out to be advantageous or dangerous to the welfare of people. More of its nature and effects are yet to be discovered (Walker, 2010). Planetary Nebulae The planetary nebulae have their history of discovery dating from the eighteenth century. The name nebula was accorded to these matters owing to their similarities to the color of Uranus and Neptune. The nebulae are gaseous substances with a fuzzy view and a recognized level of symmetry (Kwok, 2007). Their discovery added to the richness of the study of the universe. The ability to identify and view planetary nebulae was basically due to the existence of the telescope that has exposed the universe to exploration. Their discovery further led to advanced study that led to the revelation of how they are form ed, their properties and their distribution. The discovery can therefore be similarly credited with enhancement of human knowledge of the universe in general, and that about the planetary nebulae in particular. The knowledge of the formation of the planetary nebulae for example illustrates that evolution of a star leads to emission of a great wind. An instability created in the process leads to the breakage of the outer layer of the star. This results in hot substances that can then be seen as a glowing disc. An important idea noted about the planetary nebulae is the fact that they are reabsorbed into the â€Å"interstellar medium†. This means that the emissions in the process of the formation of the nebulae do not spread to the earth. This has a significant importance to the general inhabitants of the earth considering the fact that some of the foreign emissions into the earth’s atmosphere are normally dangerous with adverse side effects. An illustrative example is th e harmful ultra violet radiations into the atmosphere. The knowledge of the reabsorbing these emissions into their systems is a relief that builds confidence in people concerning their safety and welfare on earth. The discovery of the planetary nebulae has therefore promoted the development of knowledge through furthering studies and invention as well as stabilizing fears of external threats to the earth’s atmosphere (Darling, n.d.). Conclusion The world of discoveries and inventions has been in existence for over centuries. The inventions have been diverse covering both theories and instruments. The discoveries and inventions are on their merits spontaneous processes with one step leading to a chain of further discoveries and inventions. An illustration is seen in the invention of the telescope and the microscope that further led to discoveries of elements like the brewing process, the cell theory, the dark matter as well as the planetary nebulae of the space. These discover ies have in one way or the other developed the human knowledge by furthering studies and as well enhanced the well being of people either socially or in terms of health. References Crown. (2003). The discovery of cells. Strengthening Teaching and Learning of Cells. Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=tsource=webcd=6ved=0CFUQFjAFurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.school-portal.co.uk%2FGroupDownloadFile.asp%3FGroupId%3D20629%26ResourceId%3D184101rct=jq=discovery%20of%20cellsei=OjiCTdelPI3W4gb8yvyACQusg=AFQjCNFNfuZDr4M94GIIv9XIXZxe2guWLgcad=rja Darling, D. ( n.d.). Planetary nebula. David darling Info. Retrieved from: daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/P/planneb.html Fowler, M. (n.d.). Galileo and the Telescope. University of Virginia. Retrieved from: http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virginia.edu/lectures/galtel.htm Khachatourians, G. and Arora, K. (2002). Agriculture and Food Production, Volume 2. Netherlands: Elsevier. Kwok, S. (2007). Planetary nebulae. ScholarPedia. Retrieved from: schola rpedia.org/article/Planetary_nebulae Meisler, C. (2006). Cell Theory and Cell Organelles. Bemidjistate. Retrieved from: bemidjistate.edu/academics/departments/science/k12-science-units/Celll-theoy-and-organelles-biology.pdf Microscopy. (n.d.). The history of the microscope. Microscopy. Retrieved from: microscopy-uk.org.uk/intro/histo.html NASA. (n.d.). Dark energy, dark matter. Science NASA. Retrieved from: http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy/ Science. (2011). Louis Pasteur. All About Science. Retrieved from: allaboutscience.org/louis-pasteur-faq.htm Walker, L. (2010). Will Dark Energy Destroy the Earth? Retrieved from: ucg.org/commentary/will-dark-energy-destroy-earth.htm