An Evaluation of the Work of Jan Svankmajer :: essays research papers

An Evaluation of the Work of Jan SvankmajerJan Svankmajer is an animator like no new(prenominal) that I know of. Surrealist in style, his artistic spiel encompasses a broad range of mediums- film, sculpture, painting, graphic design, prose and poetry. His filmic work often involves a combination of animation, puppetry and live action- a challenging style for any filmmaker to use effectively. Svankmajer films are by trademark dark and macabre tales, told not for the sake of aesthetic or technique, notwithstanding always to serve a very personal purpose, which I will talk about shortly.In this essay, I will deal mainly with the work that Svankmajer created as an animator. To put it in context, however, I will first give a rough overview of his background and the work for which he is best known.Svankmajer was born in Czechoslovakia in 1934. His parents were both artistically inclined his father was a window dresser while his mother was a dressmaker. After studying puppet sign of th e zodiac for four old age in Prague, Svankmajer began his career as a director, designer and puppeteer at the State Puppet Theatre in Liberec. During the Early 1960s he collaborated with several different theatre companies in Prague to stage a variety of plays.In 1964 his interests turned to film qualification. In this medium he felt that more would be possible technically, and that his work would reach a wider audience. After creating various award-winning short films like The Last Trick, his work underwent a decisive transition from mannerism to Surrealism in 1968. As a surrealist Svankmajer would create many highly acclaimed films involving animation and live action.Svankmajers work became surrounded by political controversy with the making of the film Antonios Diary (1972). The film was not intended to have political meaning, but the Czech authorities banned him from making films for seven years simply because it contained unauthorised footage depicting everyday Czech life. Di mensions of Dialogue (1982) became his best-known short, and won several international awards. Like Antonios Diary, however, it was banned in Czechoslovakia, and was too shown to the ideology commission of the Central Committee of the Czechoslovak Communist Party as an example of the kind of film that should not be made. Alice (1985-87), based on the maintain by Lewis Carol, was Svankmajers first feature film, and his first to reach an American audience. Since then he has made two more feature-length films Faust (1993) and Conspirators of Pleasure (1996).

Legalization of Marijuana Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Drug Histo

For decades the hemp prohibition has been violating separates rights, but scientific research has proven that hemp has therapeutic uses and is harmless compared to other drugs. Therefore, ganja should not be considered a dangerous drug and should be legalized. The prohibition of marijuana did not end with crime nonetheless, it is responsible for the imprisonment of thousands of its users. The governments persist against marijuana has also created cultural factors that make the use of marijuana socially unacceptable. However, it should be up to each individual to decide if he/she wants to use marijuana whether it is for pleasure or for therapeutic reasons.The legalization of marijuana has been strongly debated since the 1920s and 1930s, when it was first recognized as a dangerous drug, and tabloid newspapers popularized exaggerated stories of knockdown-dragout crimes allegedly committed by immigrants intoxicated by marijuana (Grinspoon, Marihuana Reconsidered 118). In 1937, the Marihuana Tax Act was signed to prohibit the use of marijuana because marijuana supposedly caused violent crimes, sexual excess, addiction, and led to the use of harder drugs (Grinspoon, Marihuana Reconsidered 118). In the 1970s, the government created the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) to study the personal effects of marijuana (Weir 26). The NIDA published many claims concerning marijuana use, but they did not have evidence to support their claims (Weir 26). This misinformation and the governments budge against marijuana made the legalization of marijuana impossible. cannabis is a harmless drug, but it has not been legalized because people believe most of the anti-marijuana claims. Research studies have proven that marijuana helps the individual acquaintance a sense of well being, relieves fatigue, stimulates the appetite, and induces a feeling of mild stimulation (McDonough 50). Another advantage of marijuana is that experienced users can control the degree and timb er of the intoxication by coming down when it is necessary to perform (McDonough 50). Marijuana does not cause sexual excess because daily use of marijuana has not been found to alter testosterone or other sex hormone levels like alcohol use, which lowers testosterone levels (Grinspoon, Whither Medical Marijuana 28). Marijuana is not an addictive drug. National epidemiologic sur... ...ugh it is harmless and has medical uses (NORML Report on Marijuana). Over ten million people use marijuana regularly even though it is illegal, which distinctly shows that the governments anti-marijuana campaign has been useless (NORML Report on Marijuana). The government should stop spending scarce federal caperds on the campaign against marijuana, and use that money to conduct more research so that the Food and Drug Administration can approve the legalization of marijuana (Grinspoon, Whither Medical Marijuana 27). No amount of research is likely to show that marijuana is as dangerous as tobacco an d alcohol because marijuana is a harmless drug. If marijuana had official medical uses, then people would be more likely to accept it. Also, the legalization of marijuana would be regulated so it would not be a threat to society and its users. There are many people who need the legalization of marijuana for medical reasons, but people who use it for fun also have a right to use it without fearing to be arrested. Marijuana should be legalized for all citizens in the United States, and it should be up to each individual to decide if he/she wants to use marijuana, not the government.

Wedding Speech - Best Woman or Maid of Honor :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech Best Woman or Maid of HonorFor those of you that dont know me Im Misas cousin Lucy. Ive decided not to tell any embarrassing stories because it would also beembarrassing to me... and our parents probably dont know about most ofthem.Ive known Misa my whole life so I thought it would be appropriate to make a short poem on our lives up until this point.MISAIve known you forever its been over 27 yearsAlthough weve had soundly times, thereve also been tears.With getting into trouble over the timeI consider you not only my cousin but my partner in crime.When ever I was in trouble there would be no doubtYoud be there by my side bailing me out.Youve snuck me into bars and weve told a few liesBut hey what the endocarp they were all ugly guys.As teenagers, we were wild no one would ever believe.But honestly Aunt Norma, Misa had it all up her sleeve.Im so happy for you both, on your special dayMy wish has come true, what more can I say.In 70 years when I take a look covert at the very endNot only were you my cousin but you were my best friend.Misa youre a terrific friend and as close as a sister as Ill ever get and

Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watt’s Book, The Rise of T

Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian due wests Book, The Rise of The NovelThe eighteenth century apologue was angiotensin-converting enzyme that changed the fashion news were written in many different instructions. In reading Ian Watts book, The Rise of The Novel, quite a few things were brought to my attention concerning the eighteenth century sassy non only in how it was written and what went into it, but how readers perceived it. This essay will look into Ian Watts perceptions on the eighteenth century legend and how it changed from previous literature. climax out of the Renaissance and Jacobean ages, the novel was characterized by naturalism, with the term novel not really being used until the end of the eighteenth century. This world was not defined like we would define realism today (defined by Webster as an interest or concern for the actual or real), but quite is grounded in the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through his senses. (1 2) Instead of conforming to traditional practice (such as the continent and renaissance epic based on taradiddle and fables), the novel focused more on the individual where the pursuit of truth is conceived of as a on the whole individual matter, logically independent of the tradition of past thought. (13) By rejecting traditional plots the novel distinguished itself out from any other previous form of literature, fashioning individual experience the replacement for collective tradition. Many other things apart from plot were changed for the novel to fully show this new take on reality. now the plot was acted out by particular people in particular circumstances (15) rather than, as in the past, by general people against a pre-determined background by appropriate literary convention. The nove... ...hough much of the literature was religious oriented, there was a great surge towards secular reading by the worldly concern of which the booksellers became largely responsible as th ey sought to increase their pay. The eighteenth century was definitely a time of massive change for literature. Not only had the way of writing been drastically altered, but the amount of reading d wholeness by the unrestricted altered as well, bringing about a resurgence of reading, not only in the upper classes, but also in the all the classes. Though lacking in some areas, plot not being least, the novel revolutionized the eighteenth century and brought about a new way of thinking. By todays standards, it might not seem like much was done, but in the archives of things, the eighteenth century novel is probably one of the biggest things to ever happen to the progression of literature throughout the years. Perceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watts Book, The Rise of TPerceptions of the 18th Century Novel in Ian Watts Book, The Rise of The NovelThe eighteenth century novel was one that changed the way novels were written in many different ways. In reading I an Watts book, The Rise of The Novel, quite a few things were brought to my attention concerning the eighteenth century novel not only in how it was written and what went into it, but how readers perceived it. This essay will look into Ian Watts perceptions on the eighteenth century novel and how it changed from previous literature. advance out of the Renaissance and Jacobean ages, the novel was characterized by realism, with the term novel not really being used until the end of the eighteenth century. This realism was not defined like we would define realism today (defined by Webster as an interest or concern for the actual or real), but quite is grounded in the position that truth can be discovered by the individual through his senses. (12) Instead of conforming to traditional practice (such as the upright and renaissance epic based on history and fables), the novel focused more on the individual where the pursuit of truth is conceived of as a all in all individual matter, logi cally independent of the tradition of past thought. (13) By rejecting traditional plots the novel distinguished itself out from any other previous form of literature, making individual experience the replacement for collective tradition. Many other things apart from plot were changed for the novel to fully show this new take on reality. immediately the plot was acted out by particular people in particular circumstances (15) rather than, as in the past, by general people against a pre-determined background by appropriate literary convention. The nove... ...hough much of the literature was religious oriented, there was a great surge towards secular reading by the public of which the booksellers became largely responsible as they sought to increase their pay. The eighteenth century was definitely a time of massive change for literature. Not only had the way of writing been drastically altered, but the amount of reading done by the public altered as well, bringing about a resurgence o f reading, not only in the upper classes, but also in the all the classes. Though lacking in some areas, plot not being least, the novel revolutionized the eighteenth century and brought about a new way of thinking. By todays standards, it might not seem like much was done, but in the history of things, the eighteenth century novel is probably one of the biggest things to ever happen to the progression of literature throughout the years.

Polar Bears :: essays research papers

frigid bears ar big, white bears (sometimes darker fur) that live in very cold regions like around the artic poles. There are 21,000 to 28,000 Polar bears alive that are known. Polar bears swim in water and are carnivores, they eat fish . Polar bears feed mainly on annular seals and bearded seals. Depending upon their location, they also eat harp and hooded seals and eat carcasses of beluga whales, walruses, narwhals, and Bowhead whales.A diametric bears stomach can hold up to 15% to 20% of its body weight. It can use 84% of the protein and 97% of the fat it eats.Polar bears need about 2 kg (4.4 lb.) of fat per day to survive. A ringed seal weighing 55 kg (121 lb.) could provide up to eight days of energy for a gelid bear. On cold days polar bears curl up and cover their muzzle area. During the winter, some polar bears leave their dens and find other places to stay warm. They may use these shelters for several months at a time.Polar bears generally walk with a steady, clumsy w alk. The front paws swing towards the sides with each step, landing slightly pigeon-toed. The head swings from side to side. The walk has a four-beat pattern, firstborn the right front foot touches the ground, then the left back foot, then the left front foot, and lastly, the right back foot.Humans may encounter polar bears wherever human and polar bear habitats come together. Polar bear attacks occur most often at sites of human camp where they fish and bleed or in towns close by polars habitat. Compared to other bears, polar bears are more willing to consider humans as prey. Most likely the individual attacked is killed, unless the polar bear is killed first.Polar bears can live up to 20 to 30 years, but only a few of the polar bears live recent 15 to 18 years. The oldest known polar bear in the Arctic lived 32 years. And the oldest polar bear in a zoo lived 41 years. enceinte polar bears have no natural predators. Males sometimes kill other males competing for mates. Males ra rely kill females protecting cubs. Cubs less than one year old sometimes are prey to adult male polar bears and other meat eaters, such as wolves. Newborn cubs may be killed by mothers that are hungry.Polar bears have been hunted for thousands of years.

Polar Bears :: essays research papers

Polar bears are big, white bears (sometimes darker fur) that live in very frore regions like more or less the artic poles. There are 21,000 to 28,000 Polar bears alive that are known. Polar bears swim in water and are carnivores, they eat fish . Polar bears feed primarily on ringed seals and bearded seals. Depending upon their location, they also eat harp and hooded seals and eat carcasses of beluga whales, walruses, narwhals, and Bowhead whales.A wintry bears stomach can hold up to 15% to 20% of its body weight. It can use 84% of the protein and 97% of the fat it eats.Polar bears need about 2 kg (4.4 lb.) of fat per twenty-four hour period to survive. A ringed seal weighing 55 kg (121 lb.) could provide up to eight days of energy for a polar bear. On cold days polar bears curl up and cover their muzzle area. During the winter, some polar bears leave their dens and find other places to stay warm. They whitethorn use these shelters for several(prenominal) months at a time.Polar b ears generally locomote with a steady, clumsy walk. The front paws swing towards the sides with each step, landing slightly pigeon-toed. The head swings from side to side. The walk has a four-beat pattern, first the right front foot touches the ground, then the left back foot, then the left front foot, and lastly, the right back foot.Humans may encounter polar bears wherever human and polar bear habitats come together. Polar bear attacks occur most often at sites of human camping area where they fish and hunt or in towns close by polars habitat. Compared to other bears, polar bears are more willing to consider humans as prey. close likely the person attacked is killed, unless the polar bear is killed first.Polar bears can live up to 20 to 30 categorys, but only a few of the polar bears live past 15 to 18 years. The oldest known polar bear in the Arctic lived 32 years. And the oldest polar bear in a menagerie lived 41 years.Adult polar bears have no natural predators. Males somet imes kill other males competing for mates. Males rarely kill females protecting cubs. Cubs less than one year old sometimes are prey to adult male polar bears and other meat eaters, such as wolves. Newborn cubs may be killed by mothers that are hungry.Polar bears have been hunted for thousands of years.

What is Advertising?

advert is a track of communication used to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take around treat with respect to products, ideas, or services. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behavior with respect to a commercial supporting, although political and ideological ad is a identical common. publicize messages are usually paid for bysponsors and viewed via various traditional media including mass media such as newspaper, magazines, television commercial,radio advertizement, outdoor advertising or direct mail or new media such as websites and text messages. 0 Ways to Advertise your Business If you have a work at home business that you wreak over the internet with a website you will need to get the word out and attract mint to your site. There are some(prenominal)(prenominal) ways to do this. Just remember to have a budget and stick to it. Make a plan and do something perpetuallyy day to advertise your work at home business. It is a com petitive world out there so try to be laughable and original. Your advertising needs to pop out at people to get their attention. If theyve seen it a hundred times, theyre not going to pay attention to yours.Make your potential customers want to see what you have to offer and want to keep coming back for more. It can be challenging and hard work, still in the end it will all be expenditure it when your business is a success. These are some of the things you can do to advertise your work at home business. advertizing both online and offline can bring customers to your business. hither are some ideas 10 Ways to Advertise your Business Make a unique (Page 2 of 4 ) Make a unique and enkindle web page. If you are working online, this will be the heart and soul of your business.Make it as interesting as possible. You want potential customers to want to handicap and read all the information you have to offer and buy your products. Write original articles and submit them to article di rectories. Use your website in your resource box and people will visit your website if the article intrigues them enough. Submit your website to link directories. The more exposure and back links to your site you can get, the better. take care link directories that are universal and have lots of traffic and youll have visitors in no time. Place online and offline classifieds.Find classified sites, there are paid and free, and submit eye genetic ads. Make the title pop so people will instantly be drawn to it. Hand out flyers with your website address on them. Make flyers with a slogan or picture that will make people stop and look at it. Dont be afraid to use some color. 10 Ways to Advertise your Business Get some business (Page 3 of 4 ) Get some business cards made up with your website address on them. Hand these out whenever you get a chance. You can add color to these also. Make use of the numerous traffic exchanges on the internet.Find as many as you can and pick the ones th at interest you. Use as many as youre comfortable with because youll have to surf and mop up for an hour or so a day to earn views to your site. Post in forums. Giving people advise on the things you know is building a reputation for you and putting a signature with your name and website address may send people to your site. Its also a great place to larn from others that are doing the same or similar business as you are. Tell everyone you know about your business and before you know it they will tell others.Its equivalent a chain reaction, word of mouth can be decently. Make a capture page. Sometimes they are called squeeze pages or swagger pages. Make it short and to the point to attach the attention of the person reading it. They will put their name and email in the opt in form and become a subscriber in your list. You can send them your offers for as long as they are a subscriber. About the Author Tara Martindale specializes in dowry people find the best work at home busi ness opportunities available. Visit Taras Work at Home Business Opportunities site for details.Print Advertising Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising space according to the area occupied by the advertisement, the position of the advertisement (front page/middle page), as well as the readership of the publications.For instance an advertisement in a relatively new and less popular newspaper would cost far less than placing an advertisement in a popular newspaper with a high readership. The price of print ads also depend on the supplement in which they appear, for example an advertisement in the glossy supplement costs way higher than that in the newspaper supplement whic h uses a mediocre quality paper. open-air(prenominal) Advertising Billboards, Kiosks, Tradeshows and Events Outdoor advertising is also a very popular form of advertising, which makes use of several tools and techniques to attract the customers outdoors.The most common examples of outdoor advertising are billboards, kiosks, and also several events and tradeshows organized by the company. The billboard advertising is very popular however has to be really terse and catchy in order to grab the attention of the passers by. The kiosks not only provide an easy outlet for the company products but also make for an effective advertising tool to promote the companys products. Organizing several events or sponsoring them makes for an excellent advertising opportunity.The company can organize trade fairs, or even exhibitions for advertising their products. If not this, the company can organize several events that are closely associated with their field. For instance a company that manu positi onures sports utilities can sponsor a sports tournament to advertise its products. penetrate advertising Television, Radio and the Internet Broadcast advertising is a very popular advertising medium that constitutes several branches like television, radio or the Internet. Television advertisements have been very popular ever since they have been introduced.The cost of television advertising often depends on the duration of the advertisement, the time of broadcast (prime time/peak time), and of course the popularity of the television channel on which the advertisement is going to be broadcasted. The radio might have lost its charm owing to the new age media however the radio remains to be the choice of small-scale advertisers. The radio jingles have been very popular advertising media and have a large impact on the audience, which is evident in the fact that many people still remember and enjoy the popular radio jingles. Covert Advertising Advertising in MoviesCovert advertising i s a unique kind of advertising in which a product or a particular brand is incorporated in some entertainment and media channels like movies, television shows or even sports. There is no commercial in the entertainment but the brand or the product is subtly( or sometimes evidently) showcased in the entertainment show. Some of the famous examples for this sort of advertising have to be the appearance of brand Nokia which is displayed on Tom Cruises phone in the movie nonage Report, or the use of Cadillac cars in the movie Matrix Reloaded. Surrogate Advertising Advertising IndirectlySurrogate advertising is prominently seen in cases where advertising a particular product is banned by jurisprudence. Advertisement for products like cigarettes or alcohol which are injurious to health are prohibited by law in several countries and hence these companies have to come up with several other products that might have the same brand name and indirectly incite people of the cigarettes or beer bottles of the same brand. Common examples include Fosters and Kingfisher beer brands, which are often seen to promote their brand with the help of surrogate advertising. Public Service Advertising Advertising for Social CausesPublic service advertising is a technique that makes use of advertising as an effective communication medium to convey socially applicable messaged about important matters and social welfare causes like AIDS, energy conservation, political integrity, deforestation, illiteracy, poverty and so on. David Oglivy who is considered to be one of the pioneers of advertising and marketing concepts had reportedly back up the use of advertising field for a social cause. Oglivy once said, Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes. . Today public service advertising has been increasingly used in a non-commercial fashion in several countries across the world in order to promo te various social causes. In USA, the radio and television stations are granted on the basis of a fixed amount of Public service advertisements aired by the channel. Celebrity Advertising Although the audience is getting smarter and smarter and the modern-day consumer getting repellent to the exaggerated claims made in a majority of advertisements, there exist a section of advertisers that still bank upon celebrities and their popularity for advertising their products.Using celebrities for advertising involves subscribe up celebrities for advertising inclines, which consist of all sorts of advertising including, television ads or even print advertisements. The advantages and disadvantages of advertising boils down to one sight key aspect cost. BENEFITS Advertising is generally costly, but has to be viewed as an investment and a cost that is going to pay for itself many times over. There are many different types of advertising and not all forms of advertising cost money.The most effective form is word of mouth when previous customers make recommendations to others. This type of stock warrant is invaluable and comes off the back of good service previously delivered. Word of mouth advertising however rarely delivers massive results, instead it is more in all probability to bring a steady stream of business and enhanced reputation. Media advertising through television, radio and newspapers is a reliable way of driving sales and results, but is an expensive venture.Selecting your target audience and the medium best suited to reach that audience is an art in itself, but when completed properly provides great returns. DISADVANTAGES The downside of advertising is that you have to have your business geared up to cope with additional demand, as well as targeting the right audience. If you spend money on a campaign and do not have the stock or manpower to deal with the demand that follows, it could end up being counter-productive. Being unable to friction match demand or meet promises can be very damaging to the reputation of a company.If customers are let down or not dexterous with the service they receive following an advertising campaign, it could be a long time before they consider doing business again. A well planned, targeted advertising campaign can revolutionize a company, bringing them to the public attention and creating a market that can continue to pay dividends for months to come. By keeping the message guileless and simple a campaign can create a favorable impression, leading to inquires and orders, and giving the company the opportunity to maximize business and profits.

How powerful is The Bell Jar as a feminist text?

The Bell Jar is an attempt by Sylvia Plath to write about growing up as a wo spell, in America during the forties and fifties. It was first published in January 1963, before the fights for equal rights were debated in the late sixties and seventies. This was one of hardly a few novels, at its time, in which the main character and narrator was a woman. The novel may also show Esthers search for her identity, she thinks she knows what she wants but she becomes to a greater extent and more uncertain as the novel unfolds. The struggle for wo manpower in those days is something which would we could not possibly understand.A lady could not even get a loan from the bank without her husband or father co-signing it. Unmarried women were denied birth control, and girls should not attend college. If they did it was expected that they were looking for a husband. The other girls in Esthers hall in college told her she was wasting her golden college years. Throughout the book, there are many p ossible role models for Esther, not all of who have a prescribed influence on her. Jay Cee is an experienced, successful editor at the magazine where Esther has won an internship. Plath writes of Jay Cee as being somewhat masculine.This may have been because at the time provided men were successful so she felt for a woman to be successful she had to be manly. notwithstanding Esther starts to aim some of her anger towards Jay Cee Jay Cee wanted to get a line me something, all the old ladies I ever know wanted to teach me something, but I suddenly didnt think they had anything to teach me. Esther dreamt of becoming a poet, but even her mother did not believe in her ambition. Her mother felt the only way she would succeed was if she learnt shorthand, as the highest position she would ever get was to be a secretary. Mrs.Greenwood never listened to what Esther had to say nor did she respond to her in any conveyingful way. Mrs Greenwood felt that she was the perfect mother and the only way to show that was by pitch up the perfect set of children. The childrens role was to behave well to reflect their mothers goodness. So when Esther refused to have shock treatments, Mrs. Greenwood said, I knew my baby wasnt like that, I knew youd go under to be alright again. A lot of Esthers anger is aimed towards her mother and may even be the root of her illness. Mrs. Greenwood is everything that Esther doesnt want to be, which is the reason she hates to conform.She feels that if she starts doing what normal ladies do she testament end up like her mother. Esther even went as far as talking off her own mothers death. When they both slept in the same room, Esther says, The piggish perturbation irritated me, and for a while it seemed to me that the only way to stop it would be to take the column of skin and sinew from which it rose and twist it to silence between my hands. After writing the book, Sylvia Plath told her brother that she wanted the novel to be published u nder a pseudonym. In those days, or even today, death wishes were not exactly the things to satisfy parental dreams. blood brother Willard is first seen, in the text, as a typical American male. Mrs. Greenwood says of him hes so athletic and so handsome and so good for you(p) kind of person a girl should stay clean for. Before Esther gets to know him she thinks hes wonderful, but as they get better acquainted her attitude towards him changes. Buddy Willard is a prime example of a cocksure male. He thinks men rule the world while women should just do what theyre told. This does not help Esther when she is try to find her role within society to feel accepted. Buddy Willard is shallow and does absolutely nothing to make Esther feel good about herself.Hes insensitive and tactless in his dealings with Esther. He refers to her poetry as dust thereby dismissing the one thing that she believes has great value, through arrogance. The motive for her hatred for all the men in the novel exc ept for one may stem from the fact that Sylvia Plaths husband left her in 1962 and she wrote The Bell Jar a year after. However her poem Daddy, which she wrote in the very same year was a lot harsher towards her father and was more of a gut response. Another thing that deep annoyed Esther was the double standard for men and women.If a man slept with a woman without loving her it was perfectly acceptable, yet if a woman slept with a man whom she didnt love then she could be labelled a whore. There are proper codes of behaviour, particularly sexual ones for women and Mrs. Greenwood makes sure Esther knows of those by sending her a folder about these codes. However Buddy is not expected to adhere to the same set of rules, so when Esther finds out he slept with a waitress, she shouldnt be hurt because it didnt mean anything It is one of Esthers desires to be sexually liberal, along with being a poet or a successful writer.

There is not one word apt final

Shakespeare uses the antics of Oberon and Puck at the forefront of this comedy, development the juice to make everyone fall in love, however they err due to their arrogance as Oberon vaguely describes Demerits by by the Athenian garments he hath on. The iambic meter indicates these compositors cases are powerful, yet their actions are unintelligent the concept of incompetent leadership is a humorous stereotype, frequently used in dramatic comedy. Here, however, the joke is mocking power, or rather who we give power to, as Shakespeare portrays Oberon as using his power recklessly.The reason Oberon and Puck start squeezing the juice on the lovers is that the character overheard A sweet Athenian girl and a disdainful younker, and so, in the guise of trying to help them, he creates havoc. Borons aid, however, is a facade he only desires control he knows that Demerits doesnt love Helena back, and so he interferes. This attitude reflects that of the Queens court as Louis Monitors puts it, Queen Elizabeth Xis marital side and her sexual condition were matters of the earth, reflected when Oberon plans to put the juice on Titanic so that she renders her knave to him.Oberon and Puck, therefore, are shown as metaphors for the phallic Elizabethan state where the men knew everything about the Queen and tried to control her in order to fulfill their interests they tried to top executive her into getting married, and reproducing in order for the country to have an heir, just as Oberon tried to force Titanic to change her mind when she defies him saying the fairy kingdom buys not the child off me.Ultimately, despite Titanics rebellion, she straight away gave the changeling child to Oberon because he manipulates her with he juice, rendering her love an ass this is comedic, especially when the character awakens and worries about being enamored to an assn. The fact that it was the fairy queen to whom this occurred is significant as this term was often a metaphorical ref erence to Queen Elizabeth in Renaissance literature.The juice is symbolic of ultimate patriarchal power however, in reality there is no juice to make the Queen yield and take an heir for the State. Shakespeare therefore is mocking State power as they can never obtain their desires because for once there was a ruler who resisted male authority. The state likewise is shown through Oberon and this reference to an ass may in truth be a reference to Oberon- whom is the one who has acted truly the ass and has Titanics love- and so the state itself.This male lust for power in seen, moreover, in the disorder at the start of the play in Shakespearean portrayal of the relationship between Hermit and Segues in regard to her choice of economise. Segues believes this hath bewitched the bosom of my daughter Shakespeare refers to Alexander here as this, dehumidifying the character and therefore highlighting the Segues has towards Alexander. Segues wants to dispose of his daughter to her death b ecause she chooses mortal other than who he wants a seeming betrayal.Segues parental constraint mirrors the expectations Elizabethan parents had for their children, leading to the 1 753 The Hardwired Act which invalidated any marriages of people under 21 or if parental/ guardian consent was not granted 1 753 was after the play was written demonstrating the dangerous legacy patriarchal Elizabethan England left. Segues likewise does not refer to Hemi by name through this passage, instead only using pronouns such as her, yet, the men are named twice in it.This highlights the misogynism as the men, unlike Women, are worthy of name- til now Alexander who Was previously simply a this. The namelessness inflicted on Hermit reflects the fact that before the 1 7th century married females had no second enamel , emphasizing the fact that she was lower than men and just a possession of either her husband or father, as seen as Segues claims Hermit is mine. Moreover, the idea of a Helena, a lo ve-struck teenager, following her love who has rejected her is funny, until Demerits threatens to do thee mischief n the woods.The insistent highlights how threatening this character is, and therefore- because Demerits represents a sort of Everyman- is symbolic of the threatening nature of man, a nature also seen in the forcefulness of Oberon. This scene takes place on the outskirts of the green world (the forest) and so in a limbo between reality, sensuality and disorder we dont know what is possible here therefore making Demerits even more dangerous and thus amplifying the danger of his, and every mans, authority in this world, as we can see by Borons greater power. This scene betweenDemerits and Helena also emphasizes inequality he threatens this terrible act because a female character is stalking him for love, while he does the same to another. This is ironic and paradoxical, making us head the attitudes Demerits represents it would appear that it is fine for a bold man to sta lk someone because they are- as Dorothy Leigh says- amongst the wise, while when a woman is strong other women bequeath blush at their boldness2. The motif of rape appears symbolically when Oberon plans to manipulate Demerits, Alexander and Titanic when they are asleep at the eight vulnerability and exposure.Oberon attacks them with the juice, thus winning away their will and dignity, in its place leaving distress- as a rape would do. In this case, Borons metaphorical actions are tearing apart the double violent of Hermit and Helena, striping their symbolic sisterhood to a union in partition. However, this violent authority was not uncommon in the 17th century, and neither was it a crime that was prosecuted. It was a popular attitude that women were objects of beauty and obedience, as shown in Dry Faustus.Faustus just wants a where wife, or an illusion of Helen of Troy, neither of whom had clear will, and although these two plays are of opposite genres, the aggression towards wo men is seen in both. This shows how it is not only the genre of dramatic comedy, but renaissance theatre in general which holds a mirror to the darker issues of the day. Misogyny is further seen at the start of the play where Theses claims to have won thy heart doing happily injury, the connotations here of violence reflect the patriarchal period of the play.This is emphasizes because Theses took Happily from a injunction matriarchal Amazonian culture to one where she is objectified as nothing more than a prize (coven thy ) implying that this love between them is not what it appeared to be, but is actually another example of male control. As Alison Plowmen explains, nobody had any objections to love as long as the price was right Theses will gain status and the potential for an heir. Contrastingly, Happily loses her independence and Persephone, thus foregrounding the both the literal and symbolic battle of the sexes throughout the play due to the male coercion.

American Indians Today Essay

The ingrained Americans were the primary citizens of America long before face cloth men set on foot in the area. When the Europeans conquered the American soil, an estimated 10 million Indians composed the Population of America. It is situated at the north of the country, present-day Mexico. According to history scholars, the inhering Americans were believed to settle in the country most 20,000 to 30,000 years ago. (nativeamericans) The inborn Americans were able to get into the country through the land-bridge situated from the northeastern Siberia into Alaska.The primary Indian cultures in North America is classified into Sandia, find in 15000 BC, Clovis in 12000 BC and Folsom in 8000 BC. The identification of the Native Americans should not be misguidedly understood as the Indians of Asia since the term was coined by Christopher Columbus when he mistakenly believe the Native Americans as part of the islands of America as part of the Indies in Asia. (nativeamericans) When the Europeans arrived in the country, the Native Americans welcomed them graciously and considered it a marvel to see white men.Considering also the technologies the European brought, the Native Americans were impressed with their conquering guests. However, as the Europeans started to degrade the forests inhabited by the Native Americans, the Native Americans realized the real intention of the Europeans that has consequently disturbed the balance in their nature. Aside from the natural resources employed by the European conquerors, even the Native Americans were seen as a commodity for manpower and labor. (Berkhofers) The Native Americans began to attribute the Europeans into soulless creatures that were in their territory to destruct their natural environment.Not only did the Europeans abuse the environment, they also brought diseases that were infectious to the Native Americans. This eventually led to some(prenominal) uprising of the Native Indians. (Berkhofers)The Europeans were a ccustomed to conquests, so the Native Americans responded against the Indian Wars and the Indian Removal Act which enabled the Europeans to have ownership of the country. It was a great disadvantage for the Native Americans because of their number, lack of weapons and unwillingness to cooperate even at their own expense.In a final blow against the Native Americans, U. S cavalrymen massacred Indian warriors, women and children in 1890. (Native America Portrait of the People Thomas) For many years, many have believed that the Native Americans are extinct cultures. That is why many American Indians are advocating their right to be known as a culture which fought hard and survived whatever they have experienced in their own native land. Many American Indians are clam up trying to establish their own identity in a country that has become to be white men populated.

Economics and monopoly introduction Essay

Characteristics Single seller One trusty produces all the end product of a particular product No close substitutes Product is unique and if consumers want to buy it they must buy from the monopolizer. Price maker Since the monopolist is the sole supplier of the product, it can change the impairment by changing output. The firm faces a downward sloping demand curve, so increasing output lowers the damage, decreasing output increases the legal injury. The firm will primed(p) a price that maximizes its profits.Blocked entry Entry to the market is totally blocked, meaning the firm has no immediate competitors. Barriers to entry may be economies of scale, legal, technological or another type. Nonprice opposition Since it has no competitors a monopolist cannot compete on price. Therefore, to attract new consumers the firm must engage in non-price competition such as advertising and public relations campaigns to promote its products attributes. Examples of Monopolies? www. welkerswi kinomics. com 3 Unit 2. 3. 3 Pure Monopoly Monopoly Demand as seen by a monopolizer.Three assumptions 1) Entry is totally blocked 2) The monopolist is unregulated by any g incessantlyywherenment so can charge whatever price it wants. 3) The firm is a single price seller. It sells all units of output at the same price. A monopolist faces a downward sloping Demand curve. The firm D curve is the market D curve A monopolist can sell additional output only by lowering its price (due to the law of demand). A monopolist must lower the price of all of its output, not just the marginal units, since it is a single-price seller. As a result, as output increases, the firms marginal revenue falls faster than the price. www. welkerswikinomics. com 4 Unit 2. 3. 3 Pure Monopoly Monopoly Demand as seen by a Monopolist Demand and Marginal Revenue Q 0 1 P1 2 3 4 5 P2 6 7 8 9 P3 10 P 172 162 152 142 132 122 112 102 92 82 72 TR=PxQ) 0 162 304 426 528 610 672 714 736 738 720 Demand and MR for a Monop olist P MR=? TR/? Q P1 P2 P3 D=AR=P Q1 Q2 Q3 Q MR Based on the above graph, over which shop of output would a monopolist NEVER produce?Why? What information is needed to determine the profit maximizing level of output for this monopolist? www. welkerswikinomics. com 5 Unit 2. 3. 3 Pure Monopoly Monopoly Demand as seen by a Monopolist Elasticity and the monopoly Demand curve Identify the elastic range of the demand curve. Identify the inelastic range of the demand curve. P Demand and MR PED1 P1 PED=1 Question Why wont a monopolist ever produce at a level of output where it is in the inelastic range of its demand curve?

Operations Review on Supply Chain Management, Logistics, and Inventory

Operations Review on Waste Reduction, Cost Reduction and Process This memo will debate the efficient ways that put up Chain Management, Inventory, and Logistics have been winnerfully implemented in the Intermountain Healthc ar Supply Chain Center. Peggy Lee, Card Program Manager at IHC led the tour in the Supply Chain Center. The goal of IHC distribution center is reduce waste, cost and centralize the blue volume supplies in angiotensin-converting enzyme location and distribute across all their facilities. This gives Intermountain better control of their inventories and negotiation advantages.Using these methods has had a great impact in waste reduction, quality and cost savings. Supply Chain infrastructure is an important process at Intermountain Healthcare (IHC). They have learned that building strong relationships with their suppliers is critical and can help eliminate cost as well as allow them to share their savings. How IHC has achieved this, is by supplier involvement. IH C provides a mockup room specifically designed for their suppliers to show off smart products and equipment allowing doctors and clinicians to see the equipment at a no cost to the supplier.Suppliers wherefore receive immediate feedback on their products and the hospital can test products before purchase. This is a valuable fire for IHC to see results, make improvements, and negotiate effective distribution for both the supplier and the hospitals. This is gain for both parties, and in particular to Intermountain since supplies are one of the highest expenses they incur. The distribution forwardness was built with the purpose to manage inventories more efficiently.This quick-wittedness only holds 6,000 items out of 81,000 products that can be parliamentary procedureed. Only those items that are housed in this facility are the high volume items, with a fill rate of 98% and accuracy of 99%. IHC has a great control on their inventories by assuring that cost of obsolescence, deter ioration, and expiration are managed properly. The warehouse is equipped with big fans that move the air around the facility reducing temperature fluctuations allows less than a 4 deference from top to groundwork in the warehouse.This prolongs the longevity of the products they house by reducing deterioration. Also, all the shelves are behave up on a slope allowing older inventory to conjure to the front. This is also known as the FIFO method, which ensures the older products are non aging on the shelves. Another method they use is barcoding. Barcoding is not a new invention, but IHC has taken advantage of this technology in the way they fill their internal drifts by implementing some of their own inventory carcass, VoicePic.VoicePic is a voice trip inventory process where barcodes are placed on the container that will carry the order from one place to another around their facility. As the container moves along the conveyer belt, the person with that order hears the amount of items to be picked up in the current position and repeats the number via his voice. Another quality check used for their inventory system is that once the level is placed in the container the system knows the weight that is to be at the end of the order. This provides a quality control measure.If the weight is correct then process continues. If the weight is off, the order gets rejected. This lets the operator know that there is an item that does not belong. By combining these two systems in their inventory, IHC has increased their accuracy in their orders by 60%. Logistics is another important part of IHCs business processes they are trying to refine. The facility was strategically placed in a centralized location to allow moving supplies to all of their facilities since 80% are within a 50-mile radius.They also use their own fleet to distribute their merchandise among the hospitals and clinics, with the excommunication of the southern part of the state of Utah. The reason for this is they rather use a vendor for this location since the vendor is able to return with a full trailer. This would not be the case for IHC. Another important point in the way their logistics is setup is how they receive and pick up shipments. These activities have a time set when they can be performed.They have divided morning to receive delivery from 4am to 12pm all deliveries are done on a schedule, as well as pickups, pick up activities begin at 12pm. This is to increase efficiency of the location and the use of resources, thus reducing the chance of error and process flows. In addition, order placement is another key process. All IHC facilities must have their entire orders placed by 1100 am every day to ensure order fulfillment. One other advantage at the supply chain facility is that it is built to allow shipments to be cross-docking.So, instead of products being housed they are immediately travel to another truck to deliver to the final destination. Logistics processes in this facility are designed to make resources more efficient and allow them to eliminate costs. IHC has increased their success by implementing new strategies on supply chain management, logistics and inventory. They have been able to cut costs and increase efficiencies in inventory on internal orders. along with inventory, IHC has an added savings by testing for effectiveness of new products when negotiating with suppliers in the mock up room.By having this kind of interaction with supplies, ensures that the products will meet their needs and will endure to their efficiency. They have also modified their logistics by reducing the number of trips needed to facilities by consolidating all the orders, to transport all necessary supplies in one trip. These are some of the many operational activities implemented in this facility. IHC has identified areas for improvement and made the necessary changes. With all the new improvements within their supply chain center, the facility will pay itself off in 8 years.

Dr. Jose Rizal Writing

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861 December 30, 1896), was a Filipino themeist, newfang guideist, poet, ophthalmologist, journalist, and revolutionary. He is widely considered the sterling(prenominal) national milling machinery of the Philippines. He was the author of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and a number of poems and essays. He was exe diagonaled on December 30, 1896 by a squad of Filipino soldiers of the Spanish Army. He returned to the Philippines in 1892, but was exiled collect to his desire for reform.Although he supported peaceful change, Rizal was convicted of sedition and executed on December 30, 1896, at get along with 35. On June 19, 1861, Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda was born in Calamba in the Philippines Laguna Province. A brilliant student who became happy in multiple languages, Jose Rizal studied medicine in Manila. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete his checkup degree. While in Europe, Jose Rizal beca me part of the Propaganda Move custodyt, connecting with other Filipinos who wanted reform.He also wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not/The sociable Cancer), a work that detailed the dark aspects of Spains colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the role of Catholic friars. The book was banned in the Philippines, though copies were smuggled in. Because of this novel, Rizals return to the Philippines in 1887 was cut short when he was targeted by police. Rizal returned to Europe and continued to write, releasing his follow-up novel, El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) in 1891.He also published articles in La Solidaridad, a paper aligned with the Propaganda Movement. The reforms Rizal advocated for did not take on independencehe c eithered for equal treatment of Filipinos, limiting the power of Spanish friars and representation for the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes (Spains parliament). Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892, feeling he need ed to be in the country to depression change. Although the reform order he founded, the Liga Filipino (Philippine League), supported non- carmine action, Rizal was still exiled to Dapitan, on the island of Mindanao.During the four days Rizal was in exile, he honest medicine and took on students. In 1895, Rizal asked for permission to travel to Cuba as an army doctor. His request was approved, but in August 1896, Katipunan, a nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres Bonifacio, revolted. Though he had no ties to the group, and disapproved of its violent methods, Rizal was arrested shortly thereafter. After a show trial, Rizal was convicted of sedition and sentenced to death by firing squad. Rizals public consummation was carried out in Manila on December 30, 1896, when he was 35 years old.His execution created more opposition to Spanish rule. Spains control of the Philippines ended in 1898, though the country did not gain undestroyable independence until after World War I I. Rizal remains a nationalist icon in the Philippines for fate the country take its first steps toward independence. The greatest contribution of Dr. Jose rizal in our country is the two novel he written the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, by this adult maley filipinos awaken by the sla really of Spaniards to the Filipinos. He use these two writings instead of holding a sword against the Spaniards.He proved to everybody that pen is mightier than a sword. He also organized the first cooperative in the Philippines while in exile in Dapitan. The Rizals clay sculptures, including the one entitled Prometheus Bound, are very original. They are not only pleasing to olfaction at, but also show complaisant issues. Rizal used art as a medium to effect societal change. Rizals pencil sketches also show techniques that were later used in comic strips. For these, the historian Gregorio Zaide nicknamed Rizal as the Leonardo da Vinci of the Philippines. He was also an exemplary example of Filipino Values.He also advocated a peaceful and a diplomatic way to speak out Spanish indifferences. Andres Bonifacio, on the other hand, advocated a bloody revolution, which is against the Filipino value of life. He also made anthropological researches on the physical and social make up man. He also experimented on various plants as he practiced horticulture. He also made researches on the physiology, classification and habits of animals. Aside from being an ophthalmologist, he practiced engineering and constructed a water system while in exile in Dapitan.His death gave new courage to the filipinos deal emilio aguinaldo etc. to defend Filipino people from foreign accusations of foolishness and lack of knowledge to show how the Filipino people lives during Spanish colonial period and the cries and woes of his countrymen against abusive officials to discuss what religion and belief tummy authentically do to everyday lives and to expose the cruelties, graft, and corruption of the false government at honestly show the wrongdoings of Filipinos that led to further failure. Dr. Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso is by far, without a doubt, the greatest combatant this nation can ever have. forever since the very foundation of our early education, we have been taught about a man to whom we owe the sweet taste sensation of independence we now have the privilege to enjoy. Rafael Palma, a person of great significance once said, The doctrines of Rizal are not for one epoch, but for all epochs. They are as valid today as they were yesterday and it lead still be powerfully valid in the future. This signifies the immortality of Rizals life, plant life, and genuine character. And as our adore life countrys internal Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal will be remembered, forever.That we can be sure of. However, the world will never run out of skeptics. Some have lead themselves to believe that Dr. Rizal was a made-to-order hero one that personifies what we want to see in a person, or in a hero, for this matter. But we strongly believe, that these opinions hold no truth. Dr. Jose Rizal was a very real human being. One who had his share of mistakes, and heartaches, but besides stood for what he believed in, and lead his nation to freedom. Who made Jose Rizal our foremost national hero, and why?But before we can come up with a logical answer to that, we must first look into the character and works of Dr. Jose Rizal that made him our national hero. First and foremost, as stated by the authors Gregorio and Sonia Zaide in the book Jose Rizal, Dr. Rizal is our greatest hero because he took an admirable part in that movement which roughly covered the period from 1882-1896. His wondrous delusion with words in his writings, had a tremendous contribution to the formation of Filipino nationality, lead his fellow men to assert their right to our nation.Dr. Rizals works sparked a flame that set us free. The authors have previously stated, no Filipino has yet been born who could equal or surpass Rizal as person of peremptory valor or enterprise in danger, or fortitude in suffering. This is the second point. We can all agree about the fact that not one citizen of the country had yet to show the same characteristics, or had done the bravest of acts for his country as Dr. Jose Rizal. Considering his natural endowmentsintellegence, wealth, influenceDr.Jose Rizal couldve chosen a life in prosperity, up, up and away in another island.But instead, he dedicated his life into writing for the sake of his love for public service to the Filipino people, and the Philippines. nd lastly, Jose Rizal is the greatest Filipino hero because he is a man honored after death by public worship, because of exceptional service to mankind. (Gregorio and Sonia Zaide, Jose Rizal). Dr. Jose Rizal is not only exceedingly acclaimed up to this very time because of the exemplary literature we still study to this day.He is still very highly remembered and ever adored because of hi s conviction, service, and great love for the Filipino people, and the country. This is because he is still celebrated years after he left the face of the earth. He was a great leader, who offered exceptional service to mankind. press release back to our main question Who made Dr. Jose Rizal our foremost national hero, and why? My answer is going to be brief, and simple. Not one person or organization can be held responsible for making Dr. Jose Rizal our national hero.Rizal himself, his own people, and the foreigners all together contributed to make him the greatest hero and martyr of his people. This is because Dr. Jose Rizal didnt become our National Hero by way of traditional election. The fruits of his exceptional dedication and conviction to his lifes project are seen in our everyday lives. If he hadnt, and among other note-worthy heroes of our history fought for our well-deserved freedom, maybe well still be in the hands of our unjust captors. His excellent qualities and mer its (Rafael Palma) made him Our Foremost National Hero.

Karl Marx Essay

Karl Marx is adept(a) of the virtually reputed philosophers of the 19th Century. Born in 1818 in a middle break family, Marx studied law in Bonn and Berlin and subsequent plunged deeper into the ideas of Hegel and Feurbach (Wheen, 2007). It is after receiving his doctorate in philosophy in 1841 from the University of Jena that he moved with his family to Paris where he became a radical basal communist and teamed up with Friedrich Engels, an some other radical philosopher of his time. They collectively authored the pamphlet The communist Manifesto which was later published in 1848. In this pamphlet, Marx passionately assert that all human level was harnessd by class struggles. Furthermore, he predicted that they would culminate into the fall of dandyism and leap out of socialism (Wheen, 2007).Karl Marx later moved to London in 1849 where he broke his political and religious isolation to author das Kapital, sometimes referred to as the Bible of the working class (Wheen, 200 7). In this book, Marx developed very philosophic ideas related to to the c ski lifts of the working class and the implicit struggles amidst laborers and owners of industries. The works and ideas of Karl Marx in his book Das Kapital were later change by Engels after his death in 1833 in London (Wheen, 2007). The ideas of Karl Marx established a school of fancy known as Marxism, or what later came to be popularly known as the Marxist doctrine. His books consummated the main ideological cur gets of 19th century. These included the classical English political economy, French sociableist economy and the French revolutionary doctrines of the time.Marx, throughout his writing, had envisaged a friendly revolution that would see the fall of capitalism and the rise of socialism as a dominant ideology. These predictions later became evident after the death of Karl Marx in what was considered to be a process of socialization of labor. Wheen (2007) contends that this transformation woul d be possible to accomplish by the proletariat in sustained struggles with the bourgeoisie. This led to the development of ideas evident in Marxism and the skirmish hypothesis that form the bedrock of Marxs works.Karl Marxs Conflict Theory. Conflict theory is a Marxist perspective and thoughtualization of the way in which bon ton is structured. This perspective depicts lodge as characteristically dominated by meshings (Collins & Sanderson, 2008). Conflict is the determinant of how resources are allocated and who benefits the closely from such allocations. Power is also acquired through conflict, and once such power is acquired, it is used to dominate the less- mighty and to benefit a few people. Collins and Sanderson (2008) cited that the basic form of interaction in the human fellowship is not consensus but competition, which culminates into persistent conflicts. Each party or individual competes against perceived rivals with the goal of gaining reinforcement and dominati ng the other.The theory presented by Karl Marx underscores the fact that conflict, and not consensus, dominates designed mechanisms through different classes in the distinguish society, interacts and relates to each other (Collins & Sanderson, 2008). The rich and the powerful use conflict to threaten their wretched subjects and to maintain the status-quo. The poor on the other hand, organize and use conflicts to push for a revolution that will overthrow the powerful that are enjoying the privileges of capitalist structures. These tensions are thus sustained by the need of each group to sustain its interests dominate the structures and operations of the society.Karl Marx contends that the society is stratified into deuce main social groups. These are the proletariat and the bourgeoisies. The conflict between these two large social groups results in what Marx considered as revolutionary change. The probable source of conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisies are the des ire of the proletariat to view ownership of means of production, such as factories, power, land and other valuable resources (Collins & Sanderson, 2008). The bourgeoisies, on the other hand, are not willing to relinquish these resources and leave underside up their privileged positions of power and overwhelming riches and coronations.Karl Marx on Class and Class Conflict. According to Karl Marx, society is stratified into classes. The classes comprise the bourgeoisies, land-owners and the proletariat. The propertied-upper-class is the minority, while the proletariats are the majority. Wood (2004) notes Marxs dissection of thedominant features of each of these classes in most of his works. For example, the bourgeoisies own the means of production. This is due to the huge investments they have made into factories and machines in the industries. The land owners have rent as their primary source of income. The proletariats are owners of cheap labor which they offer in exchange for recompense that they use for their basic subsistence (Collins & Sanderson, 2008).Investment gives the bourgeoisies a lot of profit. Marx conceptualized the structure of the society in relation to the two major classes. He is focused on the inherent struggles between the proletariat and bourgeoisies which is the engine that pushes the occurrence of social change through revolutionary movements. In the intellect of Marxists, class is defined by the level of riches and power that one possesses (Wood, 2004). This power is used to sideline other classes from property and positions of power. Bourgeoisies use their power to sue their personal interests and amass more wealth at the expense of the proletariat. These three different classes, in the understanding of Karl Marx, have different interests which pit them against each other (Wood, 2004). For example, the bourgeoisie are interested in safeguarding their investment in the industries, maximizing profits and minimizing costs. This ma kes them engage the proletariats as laborers in the farms to achieve this objective at relatively minimal wages.The proletariats on the other hand, organize and mobilize themselves to collectively push for better wages, conditions of work and hit to overcome the repressive and exploitative forces of their masters in the industries and factories. Thus, they struggle to join hands and, through revolutionary movements, overthrow the bourgeoisies and control the industries and factories (Wood, 2004). These conflicting interests are what pit the social classes against each other. Conflicts, and not consensus, therefore, characterize the society as noted by Marx who had envisaged such a society founded on constant conflicts.The struggle between the classes is likely to widen with time as the conditions of the laborers deteriorate further. This is likely leads to disintegration of the social structure. Collins and Sanderson (2008)asserted that conflicts between proletariats and bourgeois ies would translate into an industrial revolution. This would mark the triumph of the proletariats over the bourgeoisies, leading to increased access to capital and means of production by proletariats. This, according to Marxists, would mark the end of capitalism and the onset of socialism characterized by public ownership of the means of production.The fall of capitalism and bourgeoisies will, therefore, create a classless society as political power withers away due to industrial revolution led by the proletariat (Wood, 2004). Thus, according to Marxists, class and class conflict are the forces behind societal transformation and not some(prenominal) other evolutionary processes. Radical revolutionary movements are likely to create a new social order in the society in which capitalism gives way to socialism as witnessed by the industrial revolutions that altered the social order in Russia in the 19th century.Karl Marx on Alienation. The philosophical ideas of Karl Marx on disaffec tion were relevant in his radical reformation periods that saw the fall of capitalism (Otteson, 2011). Although these ideas were mainly considered to be philosophical in the 19th century, alienation, as was espoused by Marx, since then has become a real social phenomenon in the 21st century discourses that are propagated by contemporary social science scholars. The most outstanding position that Marx wrote about was economic alienation or disaffect labor. According to the writings of Karl Marx, one of the front forces behind conflict between bourgeoisies and proletariat is the fact laborers felt separated from the products of their own labor (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006).Marx asserted that in a capitalist society, workers were forced to remain on the job and work extra hard in order to earn and sustain themselves (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). He was against alienation which is caused by strong forces of capitalism and predicted the rise of communism in which laborers will no longe r work to live but live to work. With the fall of capitalism and alienation, wage earning slaves will be free men who will work and enjoy the value of their labor. In a capitalist society dominatedby bourgeoisies, the production capacity of an employee is 100%. However, the employee does not benefit directly from these products. He only earns 10% of the proceeds of his work, which he only uses for daily subsistence. In communism, one would directly benefit from 90% of the proceeds of his labor and only lose 10% which will be spent in other production processes.Marx contended that in a capitalist society, workers are alienated thus far from the products that they produce (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). A laborer working in an perseverance that manufactures oil becomes so much alienated from the product that he or she produces to an extent that even in his or her own household he give the axenot afford the oil, yet he needs it and contributes significantly to its production. The idea s of Karl Marx on alienation were very accurate considering that many another(prenominal) labor union movements advocated for the welfare of workers in the modern society (Otteson, 2011). There are employees who work in a milk processing plant, when ironically back at home they do not command the milk, not because they do not need it but because they cannot afford the milk.Alienation as presented by Karl Marx in his conflict theory is an explanation of a situation in which man is separated from valued resources, opportunities, processes and decisions in which his input ought to be reflected (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). The laborers at the time of Marxs life did not have opportunity to evidence a word on the amount of wages they earned as compensation for their work. Yet, their role in the industrial production processes was very significant. The masters determined the wages, number of hours worked, when to grant leaves for recuperation and so on. In fact, Marx was very concerned with how the surplus value of products processed in the industries manned by workers benefited the workers themselves.Marx asserted that in a capitalist society, the surplus value only makes the rich richer as the workers become more impoverished. So worked up were the laborers that they were even alienated from their own families and private lives. They did not have time for recreation, family sessions or other community forums. Marx sadly puts it in his writings of Das Kapital thatleave or absence to workers in a capitalist system was hard to come by (Me%u0301sza%u0301ros, 2006). But when such leaves were finally granted, they were only meant to swear out the workers recuperate and get extra strength not to benefit themselves but their masters who would then establish a rise in surplus value in the industrial production.Alienation, according to the writings of Karl Marx, can be seen to occur in four different ways. Me%u0301sza%u0301ros (2006) contends that workers are alienated against the products that they produce they do not benefit from them much, the production process especially through specialized division of labor, from the community and from himself. In a capitalist industrialized society, specialized division of labor is used to promote alienation under the inter of enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in production. Marx argues that an employee, concerned purely with the repair of broken down machines in industry producing oil, may not have enough experience with other production processes in the industry. The owners of the industry alienate them from this knowledge out of fear that such knowledge might empower workers to compete against the factory owners.Karl Marx on Consciousness. Consciousness as defined by philosophers refers to how people or a person defines and understands himself (Wood, 2004). The concept of understanding as presented in the writings of Karl Marx was basically bent towards understanding and identification with ones class. It is this thought that would push the workers (proletariats) to join other proletariats and put forward a united battle against one coarse social group, the bourgeoisies. Wood (2004) asserts that intelligence would enable workers gain awareness that they all had shared experiences with other laborers, the caustic experience of alienation, exploitation and oppression by capitalist bourgeoisies (Wood, 2004). This consciousness would push the workers to rise against the bourgeoisies and launch take issue and revolutionary movements that would lead to the fall of capitalism and the onset of communists ideologies. Marx used the term class consciousness to illustrate this level of awareness on the part of the workers. There are scholars of Marxism who have argued that the concept of consciousness was used by Karl Marx to depict class as a very subjective holding in acapitalist society.The concept of consciousnerss forms the skeleton of Marx conflict theory. The proletariat w ill only rise to confront the bourgeoisies after realization that all workers had common problems, all originating from the bourgeoisies. Such awareness by itself is stir enough to stir up revolution and protests against the bourgeoisies (Wood, 2004). Marx argued that it was false class consciousness that continued to sustain the forces and the govern of capitalist ideologies.The proletariat had misrepresented their identity, position in society and resigned to fate, preferring to remain in subordinate positions as the bourgeoisies took advantage of this and used their positions to exploit and dominate the economy (Wood, 2004). Members of subordinate classes, such as workers and peasants continued to weather in the hands of the dominant bourgeoisies as a result of false-class-consciousness. The upper class, on the other hand, has their consciousness right as they believe they should remain dominant owners of the means of production.ConclusionKarl Marxs works have influenced and co ntinue to influence sociological academia and studies in the field of economics. Although some of his ideas, like conflict theory have been criticized by scholars since then in the contemporary sociological theory, conflict perspective remain to be a very popular sociological perspective, while Marx remains in academic records as one of the great scholars that contributed to the growth of sociology and its relevance in understanding human interactions and relationships in the society. Contemporary scholars, including critics of Marxism, continue to picture on his works to develop new concepts and ideas aimed at offering more accurate explanations of various phenomena in the society.

Othello – Trust and Betrayal

English Assignment In this image, Othello and Desdemona ar sharing a passionate moment of love after existence re-united in Cyprus. Both are wearing white garments a symbol of purity, and framed in a black background. Othellos white uniform contrasts with the colour of his discase accentuating his smiling feature, strength and regal stature. In the darkness behind them is the watching figure of Iago who is smirking. Othello calls her My souls joy which describes the depth of his love that Desdemona is intrinsic to his whole being.He adds If after every tempest comes such calms/ whitethorn the winds blow till they have wakened death. This ironic comment foreshadows the horrific fate that awaits them both. Desdemona replies The heavens negative/ But that our loves and comforts should increase/ Even as our days do grow. This highlights her religious convictions and the holiness of their union. This image explores the nous that Othello feels infinite love for Desdemona which later transforms into infinite rage and hatred through the green-eyed monster created by the scheming Iago.Even at this moment, Iago is formulating his plan to convince Roderigo that Desdemona will soon Begin to heave the gorge, disrelish and comminate the Moor and therefore leave the way open for Desdemona to take another l over. This is how he maintains Roderigos hopes for being with Desdemona and and then, can continue to trick Roderigo into handing him all of his money and jewels. Image of Kenneth Brannargh and Lawrence Fishberne *The first image on the opinion poll but it would not copy across* This image explores the relationship between Othello and Iago.Iago is to the side of Othello whispering into his leftfield ear (the sinnister side) and it looks as if Iago is the demon on Othellos shoulder. The lighting used has created a shadow over half of Othellos face. This shadow represents Othellos dark side which is revealed when he murders Desdemona in act 5. His fast-growing(a) e xpression foreshadows grim events as he is hearing the news of Desdemonas infidelity. This image also represents Iagos manipulative character and through this, shows Othellos naivety.Iago has already stated his position as a noxious force for Othellos life. He has used animalistic and racist imagery to deter Brabantio from allowing the relationship to continue. He calls out to Brabantio An old black ram is tupping your white ewe. This voices the patriarchys deep fear. Brabantio is a senator and thus represents hereditary class and power and the fact that his daughter has married a black man destroys his stance and power in society. Iago is determined to utterly destroy Othello.He leaves Roderigo stating Though I do hate him as I do hell pains/ Yet for necessity of present life I essential show out a flag and sign of love. Iago hates Othello and uses the promotion of Cassio as a justification for his actions. Iago builds up the doubt in Othellos mind firstly by playing on Othello s status as an outsider in Venetian society. He plans also to destroy Cassio at the said(prenominal) time In double knavery by suggesting That he (Cassio) is too familiar with his (Othellos) wife.Iago begins by giving Othello advice that he (Othello) is unfarmiliar with Venetian women and that it is common to have an affair. His next step is to plant the idea that Desdemona and Cassio are lovers. As Othello becomes weakened by Iagos innuendos, Iago becomes more specific in his proofs, blantantly lying about Cassios behaviour. It would seem that success has been achieved when Othello no longer uses celestial imagery to describe his inner state and standardised Iago, uses profane animalistic images to express his thoughts.After Iago has confronted Othello with the handkercheif, Othello says Now, by yond marble heaven, in due reverence of a heavenly vow/ I here engage my words. This changes after Iago puts the idea of killing Desdemona into Othellos ear by saying But let her live t o which Othello replies Damn her, lewd minx . The key idea of the play is the tragic undermining of the heroic and princely Othello by the manipulation and action of evil represented by Iago.

Proof That God Exists…

I will focus on the intention of proving that God exists. nigh pack imagine that God is real and that He was the one who created the world and who put Christianity together. I person every(prenominal)y think that people who arent religious or do not believe in rescuer Christ or God arent really up to standards with how the world was created and who the Miracle Worker of it all is truly. I will shew my own opinion of how God and Jesus exist and how the Big Bang theory is just do up by scientists. I will prove this in my conclusion. Main Part of My Essay Some people feel that there is definite proof for Gods existence due to own(prenominal) Experience For me, my personal experience is that, and this is true what Im about to tell you, my dear overprotect passed on and that God and her are watching me and I feel like crying because I eff that she is in my soul forever. This is personally directing towards my own life. Personal Miracles For me, my personal miracle, I find rather funny. When I was little, when my mother was alive, I couldnt zip up my coat. So I asked my mum if she could help oneself me. She tried and she failed. I asked her, Mummy, pray to God, he will help me zip up this coat, and she saidOK. amuse God help Alice to zip up her little coat. My mum tried again and it worked. My zip worked. I dont know if it was the power of God that did it for me or that my mum is a really plastered person. But this is my personal miracle and I believed it was God. Religious Miracles A miracle is an event that appears to be unexplainable by the laws of nature. So it is held to be as a supernatural or ghostly feeling as an act of God. at that place are several views on religious miracles 1. Many religious people see miracles as signs of Jesus Christ or God and those who experience miracles to be divine and are a favour of God. . Others believe that theres a supernatural world and miracles happen through that. 3. Many others believe that a supernatural wo rld and religious miracles are impossible and cant be physically do through and think that miracles are just lies through the Big Bang Theory. Religious views on moral sense Religious views of conscience usually see it as links to a moral in all humans, to divinity. The diverse features of religion may not necessarily be with experiential, emotive, spiritual or considerations about the pedigree and operation of the conscience and its religious views about it.

Drafting and Use of Questionnaire as a Research Tool in Legal Research Essay

IntroductionThe word explore is derived from the Middle French recherche, which means to go ab let on seeking, the term itself being derived from the place of date French term recerchier a compound word from re- + cerchier, or sercher, implication search. The earliest record use of the term was in 1577 Research and experimental growing is formal work undertaken systematically to profit the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise smart applications (OECD (2002) Frascati Manual proposed commonplace practice for surveys on query and experimental development, 6th edition. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories.A look into project may overly be an expansion on past work in the field. To prove the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, look into may replicate element s of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic interrogation (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, disco precise, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and betwixt humanities and sciences. In lay man language research means search or honour those things which are already in existence.Research work is not something which displace be completed in whiz stroke or in one gradation. It consists of a number of closely related activities which very often overlap, and therefore, it becomes difficult to hold where one stones throw ended and the other began. However, it is heavy to keep in mind that non-homogeneous tempos are not mutually exclusive, nor they are totally separate and distinct. What step should be followed at what time depends on the research . However, the following guide-lines in this regard are meaningful1. Formulation of investigator problem-At the very outset the investigator essential choose the area in which he wants to carry on research. In the field of practice of police the researcher has a very huge mountain chain. After selecting the area we are required to select specific topic or subject for the deal. thereof face of a general topic into a specific researcher problem constitutes the first step in this regard. It earth-closet be said that formulation the researcher problem involves two stepsa) collar the problem thoroughly and b) Re-shaping that understanding into meaningful damage to arrive at a concrete result. frankincense formulation of research problem is very signifi undersurfacet for a researcher and if it is done successfully, a goodly deal of battle is won.2. Extensive literature survey-Once a problem is develop a truncated summary of it should be prepared. For this the researcher must undertake an extensiv e survey of the available literature on the subject preferably connected with the problem. For this purpose the abstracting and indexing journals, published and unpublished bibliographies should first of all be meetd. Academic journals, conference bear onings government circulates, reference books and text books, depending on the nature of the problem must be seen.3. Formulation of hypothesis-When the literature relating to the problem is extensively surveyed researcher should state in clear terms the hypothesis. A hypothesis is the tentative assumption made in enact to draw out and test its logical consequences. In its almost elementary stage the hypothesis may be any guess, sight ideas which becomes the basis for action or investigation. It helps in the analysis of the material pertaining to the subject. It helps in delimiting the area of research and keeps the researcher on the right track.4. Collection of material-A research screwnot be said to be duly carried out unless the relevant materials require been go outd. But the relevant cigaretnot be find outd unless and until they have been uplifted and compiled. The collection of the relevant materials is most difficult and universal work and requires lot of energy and attention as well as patience.5. compendium of material-Once the requisite materials are collected, the researcher undertakes to analyse them. This is also a very heavy step in the direction of fulfilment of research work. In case of doctrinal research the researcher can proceed smoothly if he is well aware about the teachings of interpretation and construction. He is required to examine the fact of each case, the principle applied to that fact, the line of argument taken, relief sought and provided and if necessary the invoice or legislation, etc. There may be situations in relation to which no statutory provision existed it was decided on the basis of the principle of justice, equity and good conscience. If the bulk of the e xamined material indicates to a fussy direction, the principle so applied should be borrowed as general principles and principles not applied should be deemed to have been overlooked.6. Testing of hypothesis-After analysis of materials or entropy as the case may be the researcher becomes confident enough to test his hypothesis which he had already formulated. He can examine if the material or data after analysis support his hypothesis or they are reverse gear to it. The hypothesis testing ultimately results in either accepting the hypothesis or in rejecting it or in making amendment in it.7. Generalisation and interpretation-The research work whether doctrinal or non-doctrinal will proceed towards generalisation and interpretation if the hypothesis has been tested confident(p). If it results in negative the question of generalisation and interpretation does not arise. The purpose of generalisation and interpretation is to built up a theory to be applicable in future to adjudic ate upon similar and identical problems. This cushion of generalisation and interpretation, while helping in formulation of a general theory, also raises many important question which may lead to further research and till those question are answered they may be regarded as exceptions to the general theory or principle consequently build up.8. Preparation of report-The penultimate task in a researcher work is to save up the report of the exercise done so far. It should be prepared with great care and caution because it is this report that circulates credit to the researcher.Objective of research are followingi. To familiarize with a phenomenon or to acquire new insights into an existing fact, that is, Exploratory Research. ii. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else, that is, Diagnostic Research. iii. To portray accurately the characteristics of a detail object, situation or group, that is, Descriptive Research. iv. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship amidst two objects, that is, Hypothesis Testing Research. v. To separate fact from speculation and wish, that is, Distinguishing Research.Definition-Research has been defined in a number of different ways.A broad definition of research is presumption by Martyn Shuttleworth In the broadest sentiency of the word, the definition of research includes any gathering of data, discipline and facts for the advancement of knowledge. Another definition of research is given by Creswell who states Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyse information to change magnitude our understanding of a topic or issue. It consists of three steps Pose a question, collect data to answer the question, and present an answer to the question. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines research in more detail as a studious inquiry or examination especially investigation or experimentation aimed at the offendy and interpretation of fac ts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical(a) application of such(prenominal) new or revised theories or laws.The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911 edition) defines research to mean- the act of meddlesome into a matter closely and carefully, inquiry directed to the discovery of truth and in particular the accomplished scientific investigation of the principles and facts of any subject, based on original and first hand study of politics or experiment. Investigation of every kind which has been based on original sources of knowledge may be styled research and it may be said that without research no authoritative work have been written, no scientific inventions or discoveries made, no theories of any value propounded. This definition is probably most exhaustive and meaningful. consequence and Objective of Legal Research-Legal research means research in that branch of knowledge which deals with the principles of law and sound institution. There a re three main sources of law, that is, legislation, precedent, and custom. Juristic writings are another important though secondary source of law and their important is dependent on the fact whether it is given callable recognition by the courts or the legislature or jurists in solving problems or not. The contents of these sources of law change with the changing requirement of the society and if these changes are not taken into account in interpret the law, the existing law is bound to be doomed. The aim of law is, therefore, to regulate the human behaviour in the present day society and hence, good research must be directed to the study of the relationship between the world of the law and the world that the law purports to govern. Generally, law is enacted to regulate the human conduct for the wellbeing of humankind.It is considered that law should be enacted to protect the interest of a person, society, and the county as a whole. The goal of court-ordered research cannot be distinguished from the goal of law. As law is directly related with the social science, its research is also automatically related with the research of social science. This is the age of democracy and good government activity. Democracy and good governance depend upon the rule of law. In democratic society, law is changed for welfare of the people and society along with the pacing of time.Alternatively, law shall not be constraint for the development rather it be facilitator. That is why law call for charges. Similarly, ratified research is essential to have changes in law for socialization and betterment of the people and society. Now-a-days, legal research is not limited only on the analysing of criminal behaviour, activities of public, court, public prosecutors, legal practitioners etc. scarce it also includes the protection of environment of all creatures in the world and the development as well. As a result, legal research plays crucial role for the welfare of the humankin d and is more important than others to bring positive changes in our society and at the end in the whole humankind. The following are the objectives of legal research-i. To discover new factsi. To test and verify old factsii. To analysis the facts in new theoretical frameworkiii. To examine the consequences of new facts or new principles of law or judicial decisionsiv. To develop new legal researcher tools or apply tools of other disciplines in the area of lawv. To propound a new legal conceptvi. To analyse law and legal institutions from point of view of history vii. To examine the nature and scope of new law or legal institutions viii. To tick the merits and demerits of old law or institution and to give suggestion for a new or institution in place of old one ix. To ascertain the relationship between legislature and judiciary and to give suggestion as to haw one can assist the discharge of ones duties and responsibilities and x. To develop the principles of interpretation for cri tical examination of statutes. These objectives of legal research as of any other research may be obtained by any of the following processesi. Evolutive orii. Explicative oriii. Identificatory oriv. Projective orv. Collative orvi. Impact analysis orvii. Interactive orviii. Interpretative.Evolutive process Evolutive research is one which seeks to identify the roots of a social evil and tries to prohibit it by law, eg. annihilation of dowry , prohibition of Sati, prohibition of child marriage, legalising widow marriage, etc. historical facts play most important role in this kind of research.Explicative process-Explicative process is one which tries to ascertain the nature, scope of law in order to fxplain the nature, scope of law in order to explain what law is, e.g. law relating to industrial pollution and legal relating to administrative action and its legal control, matrimonial relief etc.Identificatory process-An identificatory process is one whose objective is to ascertain the p eople for whose benefit a legal is enacted e.g. research carried on to find out the beneficiaries of land reform, beneficiaries of second-stringer among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Backwards, the group of industrial establishments kept out of the area of operation of a pitch of legislation, e.g. activities outside the area of the Factories Act, 1948, industrial establishments not covered by the Provident Fund Act, etc. employees authorise to the benefit of provident fund and insurance fund, etc.Projective Process-A projective process is one which aims at examining the full point of social acceptance to a policy the State is plan to implement. This kind of research attempts to find out at the very beginning, the mood of the people or masses, or electorate or industrial workers, whether they will accept the proposed scheme or not, or they will accept it with certain modification. Truly speaking, it is a survey beforehand rather than a research work to find out the feasibility of the proposed scheme.Collative process-A collative process is one which tries to find out the effectuate of existing law, in relation to other existing law, i.e. its objective is to analyse the two set of rules to find out which one is more workable and by which the desired effect may be achieved.Impact analysis process-This kind of research is carried on to find out the impact of an established or newly formed legal principle, rule or institution. In the area of planning this kind of study assumes much significance. On the basis of the outcome of the research necessary changes may be made wherever necessary it helps us to change our outlook towards the objective sought to be achieved, thus it is a preliminary steps to law reform.Interactive process-Law does not operate in vacuum. It operates in society. There are a number of other factors, which interact with it. These factors are of various types such as formal or non-formal, permanent or transitory. A legal resear cher cannot be insensitive to such factors of society which annihilate the entire fabric of law. Since law is a part of the society, therefore, the law should be such as that it can work in the society. A researcher must take care of- a) The coition autonomy of law in relation to other component of society b) The relationship between various component within the legal system and c) The inter-dependence of one or more components of law within the legal system.Interpretative Research process-This kind of research aims at interpreting the various words and phrases used in defining the law. The researcher makes effort to give a particular word, a specific meaning by using his own logic and authoritative opinion of other people. This kind of researcher is confined in general to the study of statutes, text and judicial pronouncement and is done by analysing the words. It helps acquire clarity, consistency, uniformity in the meaning of legal writing. These objectives of researcher, thus, help us in determining for what purpose the research is directed, and how, the research may be carried on. In the process, the researcher explains the relevant juridical concept, analysis statutory provisions, picks out significant juridical date, formulated principles deducible from judicial decisions and arranges the whole material in some logical order.If the researcher has sufficient readiness for research, he may identify the problems likely to arise and deduct principles with sufficient precision to provide resolving to those problems.Tools of Legal Research-In pursuing research for disclosing facts or proving a hypothesis true or false, various kinds of methods can be applied for the successful research. The following research methods collectively or individually can be applied for the successful research as the main methods. A. Observation Information can be received by observing, visiting and viewing the place, society, events or the things pertinent to the study or rese arch. Observation can be taken as primary and legitimate source of information. If a researcher is careful, he/she can get the points that may play the significant role in his research or study. Observation is a method that is common in the research of legal and social science. Observation should be guided by a specific research purpose, the information receive from the observation should be recorded and subjected to checks on the cart of reliability.B. Questionnaire In questionnaire method, a researcher develops a form containing such questions pertinent to his study. Generally, the researcher prepares yes/ No questions or short answer questions. In questionnaire method, researcher distributes such forms to the people to whom he/she deems appropriate. The people, to whom the questionnaires have been distributed, should answer that what they have known by filling out the form and return it to researcher.C. Sampling When the subject of research is vague, comprehensive and when each indicator cannot be taken by virtue of financial constraint, time and complexity, etc. then the researcher can randomly collect data/sample depending on the reason. This is called as sampling method. For instance, in a demographic research, part of population represent various groups can be taken into love That is why, it is said that sample is a method that saves time and money.D. querys A researcher can receive information sought by him/her asking people concerned through interview. It is a direct method of receiving information. Interview can be generally held asking questions in face-to-face contact to the person or persons and sometimes through telephone conversation. This method is common in the research of legal and social science. In this method, the researcher has to use less skill and knowledge to receive information he/she had sought. Interview is known as an art of receiving pertinent information. In the opinion of P.V. Young, interview can be taken as a systematic me thod by which a person enters more or less imaginatively into the liveliness of a stranger.E. Case study Case study is taken as one of the important and reliable methods for legal research. Case study can be defined as a method of research where facts and grounds of each legal issue are dealt with by taking individual case. Case study is a method of exploring and analysing of life of a social unit such as a person, a family, an institution, a cultural group or even entire community. It is a way of organizing social data so as to preserve the utility character of the social object being studied.11 Keeping in view to the matters above, we can state here that the case study is a method of legal research to explore and analyse the fact and data of a social unit and to organize social data for prescription of useful character and society.