Domestic Violence And Womens Mental Health - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 959 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Domestic Violence Essay Did you like this example? Literature review Domestic violence occurs worldwide irrespective of culture, geographical and historical period. There are many factors that cause or lead to domestic violence and they are: Unmet role expectations Unmet role expectations on the part of the wife or husband could lead to domestic violence in the family. If women fail to fulfil basic domestic responsibilities such as cooking, cleaning, managing household budgets and taking care of child, it often leads to domestic violence. Child care was a source of argument among many couples and women have to play a crucial role in maintaining domestic peace. Moreover, domestic violence will occur if husband fail to provide for the family at a standard set by wife. If wife demands things that husband could not afford, his response would be violent (Keenan, Hadad Balian, 1998). Therefore, unmet role expectations lead to domestic violence in the family. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Domestic Violence And Womens Mental Health" essay for you Create order Conflict with in-laws Conflict with in-laws was another frequent cause of violence particularly in younger families. If couple and children tend to live with husbands parents or other extended families, conflict arises due to husbands strong allegiance to his parents. So, domestic violence occurs when there is conflict with in-laws (Keenan, Hadad Balian, 1998). Substance abuse As stated by Stewart and Robinson (1998) when individual is under substance abuse, the victim will lessen his or her ability to escape or resist and perpetrator may decrease self-consciousness against aggression. Therefore, domestic violence occurs when partners are under the influence of substances. Increased stress in the family Domestic violence occurs when there is high level of stress in the family. For instance ?if husband is of lower socioeconomic status, he is more likely to commit domestic violence and tend to perpetrate more severe violence than men who are at higher socioeconomic status (Holtzworth Munroe, 1996). Individuals childhood history Domestic violence is also associated with individuals childhood history where if males have witness violence against family members and if he had experience sexual abuse in childhood, he is more likely to be violent toward their spouses while females who witness violence in childhood are more likely to become passive when they become adults. In addition, women who had experience both child and adult abuse were more likely to suffer from mental health diseases. In addition, Whitfield, Anda, Dube and Felitti (2003) also states that if women had experience sexual abuse in their childhood they are more likely to experience domestic violence in their adulthood. Therefore, individuals childhood experience or history increased the risk of victimization among women and perpetration by men. Several other studies also states similar reasons where they asserts that men tend to act aggressively towards their partner if they had experience physical and sexual abuse in their childhood (Bagley Mallick, 2000; Lewis, Moy Jackson, 1985). Alcohol abuse Alcohol use has been associated with rates of domestic violence. In one of the research done by Kantor Straus (1987) in United States, they had found out that about 25% of incidents of domestic violence are associated with alcohol use. It has been thought that alcohol increases violent incidents, either by disinhibiting the abuser or by increasing conflict. Moreover, women experience domestic violence when husband was drinking and if women disagree with his words or actions. Therefore, alcohol use can be related to Bhutanese context where alcohol is widely ingrained and accepted in the society. However, rates of domestic violence tend to decrease when the age of couple increases as individual tend to develop more resistance power when age increases (Straus, Gelles Steinmetz, 1980). When there is more resistance power individual can resist domestic violence at any cost or they will simply ignore it. However, not all the men who drink alcohol does not act aggressive toward their partner, rather alcohol lead to opening up where they tend to bring out both positive and negative emotions. Most often it allows them to discuss issues that men would not discuss when he is not drunk (Galvani, 2006). Many felt that alcohol alone was not enough to cause domestic violence and felt that it depends on ?environment factors, personality factors and individuals goals of drinking (Galvani, 2006). Domestic violence and mental health The primary mental health that women or survivor suffer as a result of domestic violence depression. According to Humphreys and Thiara (2003) there is causal connection between womens experiences of domestic violence and her mental health where womens experiences of depression, post-traumatic stress and self-harm are symptoms or effects of living with violence and abuse. Women who had experience domestic violence suffer from depression which puts them higher risk for ?suicide, eating disorders, drug and substance abuse'(Chhikara, Jakhar, Malik, Singla Dhattarwal, 2013). Domestic violence is likely to play a crucial role in undermining womens mental health. In addition, Humphreys and Thiara (2003) states that women who have experience domestic violence or who were abused tend to experience the depression more than women who have not experience domestic violence. Moreover, women who have experience domestic violence are more likely to commit suicide and many states that black women are more likely to experience domestic violence. Women, after experiencing domestic violence consulting or using available health services is not neutral as it confirms verbal abuse and lead to disempowerment and low self-esteem. Moreover, health problems were seen as weakness that might bring shame and dishonour to the family. However, many women tend to recover from their mental health once they leave the violent relationship. To conclude, there is occurrence of domestic violence when there are unmet marital expectations, conflict with in-laws, substance abuse, individuals childhood history, and high level of stress in the family and alcohol abuse in the family. Domestic violence has both short term and long term effect on womens mental health where they commonly suffer from depression, self-harm, low-self-esteem and post-traumatic disorders.

Indifference and Intolerance in America in Nicholas...

An article by Nicholas Kristof titled, â€Å"Americas History of Fear† which mentions how America is not indifferent, but does not know how to deal with newcomers or immigrants. Fear and intolerance has been seen throughout America’s history. An event of this kind would be what recently happened in the Los Angeles L.A.X. airport; it was reported that a man began shooting and killed innocent people. Many people saw this person which includes his race and are now fearful. This even contributes to the reason why it is so relevant today. There has not been much change; therefor, today there are many minorities facing intolerance or indifference socially. Also, the ambivalence that many people show nowadays is similar to what most people did in the past and there are historical facts that document the struggles that have happened to many minorities like injustice. Many people may say history is irrelevant for modern days be cause it’s in the past, but is it really? Some antecedents of what has occurred to minorities are seen in the novel When The Emperor was Divine by Julie Otsuka. She mentions in her novel about what happened to many Japanese Americans how its â€Å"it’s a dark stain that won’t go away† (5). Otsuka points out a dark time in history that will not go away. With that quote, she tries to warn citizens about what occurred in the past. Even though that is history, it is still much relevant today. There are still minorities

Impact of Information Technology on Business

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Information Technology on Business. Answer: Introduction We live in a digital age, where success is highly dependent on the innovations made be it in business or any other aspect of life. This track of thought means a business must do things differently and apply innovative mechanisms to beat the competition. Technology and especially information technology has proven to provide the edge needed to succeed in business by using innovative ways to maximise output with minimising input. Furthermore, IT has drastically changed the lives of individuals who contribute to the different business organisations around the world (Afzal-Butt 2015). In addition to this, Consider innovations such as online shopping, E-commerce, E-banking and even social networking among many others that have changed business today. To this end, this paper will analyse the relationship between IT and business while focusing the analysis on Telstra, a telecommunication company in Australia. Information Technology and Business Telstra is the largest telecommunication and Media Company in Australia serving millions of customers across the region with thousands of employees. So, does this multi-billion corporation need information technology in its day to day activities? Without hesitation, the answer is yes. For one, the primary objective of Telstra is communication and no other technology provides more ability and efficiency to do so than IT. Applying common resources such as networks, communication equipment and internet protocols the company is able to transfer information to different customers. Secondly, Telstra has millions of customers who expect efficient services, this efficiency is only accomplished through innovation and more so automation (Sheahan 2017). Automated processes from call forwarding, customer care and even billing services improve the overall performance of the companys systems. Finally, consider storage and protection of data, data from the customers and the employees themselves. In formation technology offers Telstra with the necessary electronic storage systems to store and protect its valuable data which in the end maintains the companys integrity. I.T. and business survival As seen from the previous sections businesses need technology to survive, technology is no longer a complementary feature by a mandatory, foundation element of a business. Businesses face a broader spectrum of variables than before, for instance, competition amongst businesses is now at an all-time high. Telstra is among many other capable telecommunication companies. Through digital media they are able to reach a wider audience who later turn out to be customers, increasing their survival tactics (Kramer, Jenkins Katz 2007). Moreover, through IT Telstra is able to optimise on available resources, reducing wastage and thus reducing the overall operational costs. In addition to this, they are able to provide better service to the customers, today's phone calls are more streamlined and clear because of the digital medium. This improved service maintains a high clientele base who become better partners for the business. Requirements of I.T. in a business A successful integration between IT and business depends on good strategic decisions. These decisions are then driven by research done prior to planning the implementation mechanisms or even technology features. Furthermore, through appropriate information systems, a company is able to estimate the costs, schedules and equipment needed for IT integration in a business. Telstra on its behalf must have developed countless reports and projects estimations on the technologies they eventually implemented using the objectives they had. For instance, they had to have an estimate of the number of subscribers they intended to have and the equipment that could handle that numbers. Secondly, they had to identify the employees and the training needed by the new recruits. Coincidently, information technology was used to analyse this information and produce conclusive estimations (Pilepic Simunic 2009). Telstra use of Information Technology Most of Telstra internal operations are conducted through the companys intranet which is in itself an internal private internet. Through this platform, employees are able to communicate with one another and manage the companys enormous clientele. Moreover, its through the intranet that the management systems are based i.e. Enterprise management system (ERP) and the customer resource management system (CRM). Through this system, the management is able to monitor the companys activities and meet the needs of the clients. Finally, the human resource management system is also based on an online platform that allows digital advertisement of vacant positions as well as the management of internal staff (CBN 2017). Externally, information technology is first used in the CRM system mentioned above. Through this system customers complaints, recommendations and queries are answered. Moreover, through online platforms i.e. social media and e-mails, customers are updated on companys products and also their payments. In addition to this, customers are served through telecommunication infrastructure set up by internet protocols among other networking standards. Advantages and Benefits of I.T. In the section above we have highlighted some of the applications of IT in business and more particularly in Telstra, however, what are the advantages of these systems or tools used? Beyond efficiency and automation of operations? Below are some of these advantages Revenue generation A company like Telstra exist because of information technology. It is through the digital medium (phones, telecom masts and electromagnetic waves) that they are able to offer communication services. These businesses then charge for the services rendered earning money. Cost effectiveness IT has computerised business operations from customer payments to the delivery of service. This application has helped streamline the work done by businesses thus reducing their overall expenditure costs. Similarly, Telstra is able to save on operation cost and maximise on available resources through IT. Time efficiency Today, businesses stay active 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, this efficiency is simply enabled by automated systems monitored by few individuals set up at convenient company locations. Flexibility Employees through innovations such as BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) are able to carry their work with them. Therefore they are able to work from any location based on their convenience. I.T. Risk Evaluation in Business A key concept in technology that is highly favoured today is automation, organisations like Telstra are increasingly automating their operations to reduce operation costs and also to deliver quick and efficient services. However, automation of services means automating information through the mediums its carried, this carrys some serious risk that can be detrimental to a business. Telstra having stored its customers confidential information may end up losing it or leaking it to a third party it if a malicious person successfully hacks their database systems. Cybercrime as its known is a criminal activity associated with computers and its affiliate devices. These criminal activities are highly prevalent today and any company is susceptible to them (McConnell International 2000). Moreover, cybercrime makes a business vulnerable to risks such as breach of privacy, loss of data integrity and customer security depending on the information and criminal assailant involved. Secondly, consider the conflict brought by technology to existing laws especially those of privacy and security. To secure online data, companies strongly scrutinise the data owned by customers to authenticate their identities. Some of these background checks violate the rights of the customers who out of ignorance validate them which in some cases makes them vulnerable. Moreover, social networking exposes people and businesses to privacy issues as well as security issues, again this based on the information presented online. Monitoring I.T. operations in business Business monitoring is an integral part of any successful business more so when considering the automated systems put in place. IT risks such as cybercrime increase the necessity of monitoring activities in a business. Telstra, for instance, has an entire department dedicated to information technology, its role is to monitor the companys systems to ensure they work as they were originally set and with the utmost efficiency. Moreover, through the same department, risks such as hacking and data loss are avoided. In addition to this, special monitoring and maintenance tools are used to maintain accurate records of all IT related activities. These tools are able to monitor networks, information system (ERP and CRM) and even the database systems. However, these systems are coordinated and monitored by certified administrators with the necessary expertise (Rouse 2017). Conclusion Several factors contribute towards the success of a business, however, none are more important than having the right analysis methods, technology and the overall business vision. Through the vision, a business uses the analysis methods to make decisions that drive an organisation or company. A quick look at Telstra website will notify you of the recent company venture be it a new data package they offering or the business support they offer. These ventures are guided by decisions which are made based on prior business analysis that offer the best outcome. Information technology is now key to this setup since it provides a business with the opportunity to collect and analyse data in order to plan for future ventures. Moreover, it is through information technology that the business is able to reach its customers and present its vision. Consider digital marketing, an online tool that allows a company to promote its products or services to a wide range of viewers, viewers who can amount to the millions. Finally, consider the efficiency and convenience brought by modern day technology, telecommunication and cloud computing now enables globalisation which increases the customer base of the company, increasing its market share. Therefore, information technology is no longer an option but a necessity for the success of a business. References Afzal-Butt. A, 2015, The Role of Information Technology in Business Success, LinkedIn articles, Available from: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-information-technology-business-success-abid-afzal-butt [20 January 2017] Canada Business Network (CBN), 2017, Using technology in your daily operations, Available from: https://canadabusiness.ca/managing-your-business/using-technology-in-your-daily-operations/ [20 January 2017] Kramer. J. W, Jenkins. B Katz. R.S, 2007, the Role of the Information and Communications Technology Sector in expanding Economic Opportunity, Economic opportunity series, Available from: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/report_22_EO%20ICT%20Final.pdf [20 January 2017] Kumar. M. P, 2014, Information Technology: Roles, Advantages and Disadvantages, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, Available from: https://www.ijarcsse.com/docs/papers/Volume_4/6_June2014/V4I6-0338.pdf [20 January 2017] McConnell International, 2000, Cyber Crime . . . and Punishment? Archaic Laws Threaten Global Information, Cybercrime, Available from: https://www.witsa.org/papers/McConnell-cybercrime.pdf [20 January 2017] Pilepic. L Simunic. M, 2009, applying information technology to business decision-making in the hotel enterprise, EL klasifikacija / JEL classification, Available from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwij3dHT5dDRAhVMvxQKHZL8D08QFggZMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Ffile%2F74937usg=AFQjCNHV0cDI6II3T5pUgHEnj_EMRSCiewsig2=ARDV0R5RmSy3ALe84HQFYAbvm=bv.144224172,d.d24 [20 January 2017] Rouse. M, 2017, business process monitoring, Tech target, Available from: https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/business-process-monitoring [20 January 2017] Sheahan. K, 2017, What Are the Advantages of Information Technology in Business? Small business, Available from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-information-technology-business-774.html [20 January 2017]

Personal Statement Essays - Music Industry, Music, Sound, Amazon.com

Personal Statement I used to laugh at my teachers in previous years. When I went to public school I would actually laugh at them. I thought it was so funny how they couldn't get our classes attention. It was almost like they showed for work because they had to, just to get paid. You could tell that they didn't want to be there as much as the students didn't want to. Students would miss class or not pay attention in class and it wouldn't matter. I know what that can do to a student first hand. I found myself not going to class or not paying attention because I knew that the teacher really didn't mind. After I came to Lutheran, with a rather large chip on my shoulder, I entered a new world of teaching. I actually find myself talking to my teachers about my personal life. I never new that teachers could actually care about their students. Once I came to realize that there were teachers out there that did make differences in their students' lives, I then decided that teaching was my calling. I now wish to major in secondary teaching and become a teacher myself. I want to learn how to help students now that people do care. Besides the academic knowledge they will get from me, I want to teach them about the principals of life. I want my students to know that they can always come to me with questions or just to talk. Also when I see students heading down the wrong path, because of first-hand knowledge, I can help them first realize what they are doing wrong. From there I can help them correct there mistakes. Personally I like the small school setting. Smaller classes so teacher can really get to know their students. A school like that would be my preference to work in, but public school wouldn't be a big deal. I just want to be in a position were I can impact people's lives in a positive way. Me being a student , I know that we, the students, are listening. It just depends on what the teacher says. I can remember two examples were this took place. I had a little slip up my junior year. Even though I had gotten caught for what I did people wanted to help me. That's not to say that they weren't disappointed. They were disappointed because they believed that I was better than that. Every teacher I had wanted to help me in some way. It was that impact that made me never want to mess up again. The second also came from Lutheran High School and it also involves me. I going through some hard times and I was quite depressed. A teacher, not even one of mine, noticed this and confronted me. We end ed up talking for a while and sorting through most of my problems. These are the types of things that I want to do. I want to have students look up to me not only as their teacher but also as a person that they can come and talk to. I want to help people realize that they can and do make a difference in their environment.

Book Review Faulkner and Material Culture

Book Review Faulkner and Material Culture Faulkner and Material Culture is a book written by Joseph Urgo and Ann Abadie and consists of a series of essays written by different authors. The essays give a deeper meaning between the things that Faulkner borrowed from the real world and merged with the things that he espoused in his way of life.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Book Review: Faulkner and Material Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The book starts with an introduction by one of the authors, Joseph Urgo, talking about what he thinks of the annual Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha Conference. He continues to highlight the events that Faulkner has been to; for instance, in August 1931, he started working on light in August, which was under the title â€Å"Dark House†. Then in the month of November, he went to New York where he became the talk of the city especially after having written, â€Å"As I lay Dying†, â€Å"Sanctuary† , as well as â€Å"The Sound and the Fury†. Urgo also states the definition of material culture that ranges from objects created all the way to invisible features producing landscape expressions together with distinctive odors. There is also a note about the July 22-29, 2004 conference that got its sponsorship from the University of Mississippi located in Oxford. In the conference, there was an attendance of over 200 authors. These authors entailed those who greatly admired Faulkner. Therefore, from the conference, there was an inclusion of eight presentations added in this volume. The note also has brief details of the events that happened on the entire time the conference was in session. The first essay is by Charles Aiken entitled â€Å"Faulkner and the passing of the old Agrarian culture†. He starts by stating the definition of material culture as given by geographers who define it as all material and physical objects that a culture group makes and uses with the in clusion of buildings, clothing, instruments, tools, artwork, as well as furniture (Urgo and Abadie 3). He nevertheless goes ahead to add that material culture also consists of the invisible features creating landscape expressions. He continues to add that material culture comes out as important since it differentiates culture groups and places.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Charles Aiken looks â€Å"into the representation that Faulkner gives of terrain and summarizes by stating that as opposed to the established criticism regarding Yoknapatawpha, it is not a South’s microcosm† (Urgo and Abadie XIV). However, it is an extremely particular and very strategically located area. Another essay is by Jay Watson who does his work with philosophy, literary theory, social and intellectual history, as well as the history of furniture and woodwork (Urgo and Abadie 21). He does this in order to investigate how light during the month of August has an intimate tie to the areas woodwork and logging industries. Kevin Railey has also written an essay on the topic of consumer goods appearing in â€Å"Flags in the Dust† (Urgo and Abadie 68). Katherine Henninger evaluates â€Å"Faulkner’s photographs fictional representation together with the function of photography that is within his fiction and especially in the Sound and Fury, Absalom, Absalom, and Light in August (Dianne Para. 8). A scholarly review written by Diaane Desare Ross notes that Faulkner’s scholars will be the ones who will greatly appreciate the book; however, it has more implications particularly for the interaction study that exists between artistic expression and societal conditions (Dianne Para. 3). She also recommends it for the entire academic libraries. She praises Faulkner’s writing stating that unlike other writers, who wander off from t he main topic especially when trying to make a point, Faulkner and Material Culture gives information in an exceptional manner and it is a fine scholarly works compilation. Dianne reviews the book by providing a brief summary of what the authors, Urgo and Abadie, write. This book is highly entertaining and informing on an intellectual level as opposed to an emotional level. The book is written in an incredible manner, which gives an insight on Faulkner’s world. Despite not having known him before, after reading the book, the reader can admit that s/he feels like s/he has known him for quite some time for there are bits that give Faulkner’s life history. For example, he had a difficult relationship with both change and material (Urgo Abadie 37). He was also one of the first Americans who were able to fly as well as own an airplane. On the subject of how he earned his income, the book states that he sold his short stories and novels to motion picture studios in addition to television production companies.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Book Review: Faulkner and Material Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of his most profitable sources of income came from writing movie scripts. He however did not like the idea of owning a television, phonograph, or radio and he even went ahead to refuse his daughter to possess any in the house (Urgo Abadie 38). Whenever Faulkner entered one of Oxford’s most popular restaurants, the owner would unplug the jukebox. The book is also well written and arranged according to the different essays such that each has something different to say about Faulkner. The 2004 conference had more that 200 authors who truly admired Faulkner and after reading the book it is easy to note why so many possess great admiration for him. His achievements are what made him to become a Nobel Laureate. Faulkner wrote a topic that was in the interest of his heart, viz. material culture. Urgo and Abadie use a formal writing style and the quality of the writing style is coherent for it is easy to understand what they want to bring out. In addition, the structure of the story also has a flow to it and so the reader is able to read from paragraph to paragraph without getting confused. The main theme of this volume is to put great emphasize on the different societal changes that Faulkner underwent in the early twentieth century as well as the dichotomy of staying in touch with the old while still acknowledging the new guard by giving an illustration of material culture. Just like Dianne, on of the reviewers of the book, I would strongly recommend this book to all those with a keen interest to learn about material culture and to all Faulkner’s fanatics. Faulkner’s admirers would get a feel of the things that he went through and his life history coupled with what made him to become a Nobel Laureate. The fact that two very le arned authors wrote the book makes considerably credible. Joseph Urgo is a Hamilton College dean of faculty while Ann Abadie worked at the University of Mississippi where she was the associate director of the Center in the Southern Culture study. Both authors have worked together to write quite a number of volumes particularly in the series of Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha.Advertising Looking for book review on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dianne, Ross. Faulkner and Material Culture: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha 2004,  2009. Web. misslib.org/ Urgo, Joseph, and Ann Abadie (eds.). Faulkner and Material Culture: Faulkner and Yoknapatawpha, 2004, Jackson: University of Mississippi, 2007. Print.

World politics Essay Example

World politics Essay Example World politics Essay World politics Essay Huntington’s controversial expose on the progress of the world’s powers strongly indicated that finally there were emerging civilizations that could potentially clash. He goes on to explain why power struggles will be the major issue in international relations. Power is the ability to forcibly have one’s way regardless of dissenting voices. This hypothesis has been largely critiqued for generalization in its premises, as paying no attention to traditional clashes and for not appropriately envisaging the events that followed its release. The terrorist attacks of 2001, in World Trade Center and others targeting United States’ interests across the world were clear indications that Huntington’s assertions were not well informed. Therefore it is not considered dominant in introspecting to international coexistence. There has been a long standing sour relation between the world superpower: the United States and North Korea over the latter’s possibility of harboring nuclear weapons or developing some.   Nuclear power is the next frontier that the developed countries are trying, albeit with much struggle, to control. The only impediment to this end is the unending question as to whether international laws can be ratified by non-signatories. The United Nations (UN), as a body charged with the responsibility of harmonizing international relations between nations have been greatly compromised. Political scientists across the board agree that the United Nations has leaned towards the whims of the only superpower. The voting power of the signatories also tends to lean towards who has got both military and economic power (Stiglitz, 2007). Being the most recent Stalinist entity in the world, North Korea was the newest state to get itself into the Uranium enrichment. During the last 20 years or so, North Korea has been undulating from getting invaded and engaging very sincerely with the rest of the world.   The United States has been at the forefront in this affair. This stand-off has always been stimulated by its intricate governance and the perceptible notion that the policy of approaching precarious state of affairs to the beginning of an adversity finally yields some good. Beside the war in Iraq, the US has already envisaged to wage a war against a new enemy:   North Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, North Korea has been at loggerheads with her neighbors and the rest of the world over the thorny issue of its unsupervised nuclear activities. First, it is important to realize the scientific and technological potential that nuclear harnessing could impact the fortunes of a nation. Iraq was invaded over much similar speculations. This issue sparks security unease among the developed countries. There a general myth that those underdeveloped and undeserving countries, North Korea included, have less capacity not only to safely utilize nuclear power but might have intentions of using it to develop warheads that could lead to a holocaust. As far as ways of governance cannot be uniform, democratic ideology is so far the best and prolific (Wiseman, 2004). It sets out the guiding principles in running government and it must come from the will of the people. The m ajor setback is that it cannot be taken up by other nation or states because of the historical, cultural and religious backgrounds. The current international predicament revolves around North Korea’s alleged role in sinking South Korea’s ship. The incident has so far attracted intercontinental attention with the United States offering its military muscle to police the international waters. The whole dilemma started on March this year when a South Korean submarine sank after exploding. 46 crewmen aboard the ship died. Two months later, Seoul offered forensic substantiation incriminating a Pyongyang’s missile on the ship that was the sailing in the vicinity of a disputed sea boundary. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Mossad strongly believed that the attack incidence was authorized by the North Korean president in a bid to enable his son take over from him. The United Nation, issued a statement reproving the incident but stopped short of implicating North Korea because China, the latter’s collaborator and a growing force in world politics, opposed the move. The Washington government has so far enforced economic sanction on North Korea. This move has been seen by North Korea and her allies as a sort of provocation. Politically speaking, the United States role in the whole saga is a strong reminder that it exists as the only superpower. President Obama’s foreign policy was very clear at the beginning: that it could offer a listening ear and hand to those who have divergent views and firm handling to those who seek to make the world insecure. With this promise in mind, the presence of the United States’ military alongside those of South Korea, coupled with the United Nations’ Nuclear Disarmament Program resolution, implies that North Korea must be policed and coerced to drop its nuclear ambitions. The clash of civilizations as said by Huntington comes into perspective when we consider the amount of international concern that the incident has ignited. Perhaps the end of the World War II, is a fresh reminder of how the world could be so pitiless. But alliances change and shift over time such that Japan is now closely allied to the United States on the issues of the day. Both countries now are up in arms over North Korea. But who seem to be the aggressor? Is the United States overusing its might to threaten others or is it doing what is required of it to foster peace and security in the world? To answer this, we should recall that in this globalized world, there has not been a consensus as to whether the political ideologies of the West are ideal for all the countries. Huntington’s argument delineates an outlook that the grand points of disagreements between man and the overarching foundation of divergences between nations would solely be based on ways of life. He further goes ahead to categorize the customs of world. He was quick to point out that Africa had the probability to be civilized (Spielvogel, 2008). Given the varying levels of development across the world, cultural differences, economic and military power, democracy ingrained with capitalism cannot be applied by all countries (Kaikini, 2006).   The natural resources is also a major consideration so is the technological expertise. Take for instance; Tanzania in East Africa has vast amounts of Uranium but lack capacity to harness it leave alone to mine the precious element. Therefore, it is true that the ability to exploit the possibilities that comes with Uranium actually depends on the strength of a nation. Huntington’s supposes that such civilizations were categorically characterized in religion coupled with some extemporized exclusions. The Cold War also shaped the way international community can punish nations which may act in contravention of treaties and common positions. The measures are wide ranging, from slapping economic sanctions to trade boycotts, arms embargo to invasion of the offending nation. Huntington goes on to explains that the last part of philosophical conflicts among the ways of governance, namely noninterventionist egalitarianism and Marxism would lead to clashes over the frames of progress on small scales. On the other hand he foresees, on large scale, a confrontation among the progressivisms in the pursuit for having power over global unions, attaining monetary superiority and martial supremacy. Similarly, it can be noted that such conflicts are common since all the clashes that have so far been witnessed have been fueled by the same motives. The alternative view suggests the contrary: that the row among the nation –states has always been determined by geological and opinionated aspect instead of diversity in backgrounds of the feuding nations. There are various talks by the key players over the Korean issues which is attracting various concerns. The United States and China have been holding talks with the main area of concern are the disagreements between the two Korean countries. This has been the major part of disagreement which is arising between China and United States of America. There were talks which were held by the two countries centered on the economic and strategic dialogue between China and United States of America.   These talks were held in late May where the main emphasis was on the tensions which are arising in the Korean peninsula. The tension has been caused by the interference by the two countries as they are the main ones with great influence. The two superpowers have been in the fore front in determining the solutions which have not been achieved as at date. These solutions have been of bad intention and have not good faith in the way they are handled. The countries have subjected the countries in je opardy as they cannot handle and solve their own issues on their own. The conflict in the Korean peninsula has been fueled by the external super powers mainly the China and the United States of America. This has been the cause of the problems which are being witnessed in the Korean peninsula. In the pursuit of the civilization in the world, many countries have been a source of destruction to the general developments and progress in the region and the entire world. This is because the various productions of machines and other equipments have been harmful to the countries themselves and other countries. There has been the nuclear manufacture in the various countries especially the North Korea which it recently launched the nuclear bomb. This has led to rise in sanctions from various countries that have been cooperating with them. There has also been many trade sanctions and travel ban of the goods, services and people to and from the country. This also has increased the tensions which are experienced in the Korean peninsula. The issue which has led to the disagreement is the system of governments which should be in place for the unification of the Korean peninsula. These issues have been of great importance and also have been at the center of disagreement. These issues have elicited fresh pursuit of the new peninsula reunification. The system of the government in the Korean peninsula is influenced by the external country which wants their system to be emulated. There are other countries which also want a hybrid kind of government system which cannot be easily attained without the consent of the Koreans. This has resulted in disagreements between the pressing countries and the fellow Koreans who do not see any use of the intended system despite the form of the civilization. There has been close relationship between the South Korean government and the United States of America and the Chinese government. This has been of great influence to the mode operation in the South which has led to increase in the conflict from the North. There were attacks of the South Korean warship by the North Koreans due to the misunderstandings on the form of the international system of government necessary for the Korean reunification. This attack has given rise to new talks on the nature and the means of handling the North Korean decisions as it is viewed as an issue of provocation. This has been the most disagreed topic in all the talks which has been held. This is in relation to the North Korea and the Korean peninsula. These have led to the increase in the threats by the North Korea to eliminate any kind of association with the South Korean. There is also the intention of bilateral non-aggression pact being avoided by the North due to the manner in which the South is associating itself with the US and the type of the international systems which should be in place. These have led to accusations from either part to denounce responsibility of the problem. The north has increasingly refused the issue that it’s never sunk the ship yet the South is of this view. This has led to the increase in the tension and the UN is urged to intervene on the matter so as to sort it out amicably. There have been claims that the South is making false accusations so as to be seen as a war provocation with the North. The country is in great danger to participating in engaging in war with the South. The Korean peninsula has been of great concern to many other countries that have great influence and interest. The countries like the US have shown favoritism on the issue and it is siding with the South. This means that the attacks are immine nt and the US is at the forefront. On the other hand, China has shown also intentions of lack of consensus-arriving solutions as regards to the North. China has not shown any intention of solving the problems in a manner which is fair and result oriented. There are claims that they are more civilized than the Koreans especially the north, hence the sanctions are escalated by them. China has moved away from the neutral position it has been holding for so many years with regards to the manner in which the Korean peninsula is being handled. When the sinking ship was experienced, the china government opted to stay away from the neutral position. There is need for the china to offer the necessary security in the region over the issue so as to attain the best solution. The civilization matters have led to the decisions made to be biased and inappropriate as they injure the rights of the others (Moreton, 2009). The reasons given for these conflicts and injustices are not justified and are therefore being done in the name of civilization. The international policies which are applied are very unique and increase the chances of the occurrence of unnecessary actions. For example the US gave a go ahead to the sale of the arms to Taiwan. There has also been the issue of the human rights injustices which has been indicated by the US-China relationship especially in regards to the imprisonment. There is also the issue of trade tensions which has been witnessed in the recent past which is not welcomed by many states. In conclusion, China and North Korea also has been stepping up its military machinery in a move to be ready for any eventuality in terms of any aggression. There has been clear indication by the Chinese government that the developments are not meant to be use on any war with any country but just to satisfy their technological know-how. This has been done in pursuit of civilization by all other countries yet it doesn’t concur with the international systems. Therefore we should really draw to closing choice between idealism and realism if we are to seek the fundamental causes of international conflicts (Baylis and Smith, 2001).

Oxycodone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oxycodone - Research Paper Example OxyContin is a brand for single-ingredient oxycodone with time-release mechanism. OxyContin was approved by U.S. Food and Administration in 1995 and became available in the market in 1996. Oxycodone belongs to the Schedule II class or controlled substance which means it has high abuse potential. It causes physical and psychological dependence that people often misuse the drug. Oxycodone is a potent pain killer similar to heroin. It elevates dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the brain that causes pleasurable experiences or euphoria. It also creates artificial endorphins, a chemical that binds receptors in the brain that gives one a â€Å"feel good† effect. It causes elation because the body cannot properly absorb the drug. Some illicit users abuse this drug to experience this euphoric high. Oxycodone is misused in different ways: snorting the powder by crushing the pill, chewing it, and injecting the solution by crushing and dissolving the tablets in water. These methods defeat t he time-release mechanism in OxyContin that causes the active ingredient to take full effect after ingestion. This dramatically increases the risk for overdose. Like other opiates, oxycodone has side-effects that can impair both mental and physical abilities. Common side-effects include nausea, dizziness, lightheadedness, seizures, constipation, blanking of emotions, and mental clouding. Acute overdose also can produce irregular breathing or respiratory depression, respiratory arrest, skeletal muscle flaccidity, low blood pressure and heart rate, coma, and death due to cardiac arrest or slowed breathing. For the last 20 years, oxycodone has been the most abused prescription drug. Oxycodone is highly addictive because use over a long period of time (from several weeks to months) leads to tolerance and the need for higher doses to reach desired effects. Because of its affects similar to morphine and heroin, oxycodone appeals to morphine and heroin users. Some even call it hillbilly he roin. When users stop taking oxycodone, they can experience withdrawal symptoms. These include anxiety, insomnia, nausea, fever, and flu-like symptoms. Like other narcotics, oxycodone is regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). It is an expensive drug when acquired illegally on the black market. Prices may range from $25-50 for a 50 mg. tablet. However, with more generic brands becoming available, it may cost $5-10 per pill. To prevent abuse or excessive use and decrease toxicity, new formulations are being developed. Currently undergoing clinical trials is a new drug called Remoxy. Drug users will go through great lengths to get the drugs. People would sometimes steal the drugs if they didn’t have the money to buy them. There was an incident in South Berwick, Maine, where someone got arrested for robbing three pharmacies for OxyContin. Sometimes, people would get illegal prescriptions of OxyContin. Doctors can also be part of this crime. In Winnepeg, a physici an’s license was revoked for recklessly prescribing OxyContin and Percocet. To satisfy his own addiction, he used his patients to acquire large quantities of narcotics. One woman in Florida was arrested for 23 counts of doctor shopping. She obtained 69 prescriptions from six different doctors who